The Secret Life of Bees Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Secret Life of Bees - Essay Example This story manifests Lily’s struggles through adolescence with bees as the central symbol of analogy between them: both seeking a mother figure (in Lily’s case) and a queen figure (in the bees’ case) to find fulfillment in life. Lily decided to collect the bees that she sees in her room in a jar to prove to her father that they do exist. A story about how her mother died somehow gives credence to Lily’s guilt feelings. Likewise, she manages to keep little mementos of Deborah’s things in a small tin which she buried in the orchards. When she gets sad, like the time when her father ignored her upcoming birthday, Lily digs up the tin box as a sign that she needs reassurance from her mother. Lily’s losing her mother at a very tender age at such traumatic instances left a void in her personality that needs to be filled. She is looking for a permanent attachment, a security, a sense of motherly and unconditional love which is not provided by his father. T-Ray was an imposing authoritative figure who was insensitive to Lily’s feelings – partly because she reminds him of Deborah, who was actually on the verge of leaving them when they furiously fought before she accidentally died. T-Ray was only concerned of showing how powerful he is and how everyone else is under his jurisdiction. Lily’s encounter with Rosaleen’s dilemma on being accosted to jail was instrumental in manifesting the surging emotion of fleeing to a more safe and secure place which would provide her with love and affection. This was validated when she found her jar of bees empty. There were lessons on the reality of racial issues as presented by Rosaleen’s experience and the touch of spiritual guidance provided by Lily’s reliance on her mother’s black Mary picture which indicates Tiburon, at the back. The message depicted a vision of direction to the place where her mother was possible previously in. Rosaleen, on the other hand,

Ottoman Empire Study Guide Essay Example for Free

Ottoman Empire Study Guide Essay Devshirme: Every 2 years or so, young Christians were taken and trained and converted to Islam. They would either be janissaries (foot soldiers) but ones with â€Å"intellectual promise† went to work in the government. Many became powerful. Some were slaves? Because the enslavement of the Muslims was not allowed. The power was NOT hereditary (like the Chinese). So the sultan surrounded himself with people who did not have families. Millet System: Each religion had their own leader -Kept Jews and Christians happy -But they were still viewed as second-class citizens. -Everyone in a Millet still had to pay taxes to Empire though. -The Christians and Jews had to pay a special tax called the Jyzia. Jyzia was expensive tax. It showed favor to the Muslims. If you converted to Islam then you would not have to pay the tax. -Jews normally had more respect for this system because they never really were respected and had a country -Muslims regarded the Christians and Jews with a sort of respect because they are all Abrahamic Religions. But they were skeptical of Christianity because of the holy trinity and they believed that that meant they were poly, not monotheistic. Sà ¼leyman: â€Å"Suleyman the Magnificent† -10th Ottoman Sultan -Had great army -Warlike -Enforced the â€Å"Law of Fratricide† which was the act of killing all male relatives of the sultans so they would not over take the throne. -Was married to Hà ¼rrem (the smiling one) who was the â€Å"head concubine† fell in love with her. This was unusual because by this time it was not necessary for alliances through marriage to be formed. Selim the Sot: Successor of Suleyman. -Did not do much. Slacker. Preferred Eunuchs and concubines, and drank a lot Murad III: Successor to Selim -Manipulated by mother and wife -But still had military advances Mehmet: †¢Sultan Mehmet II -Conquered Constantinople †¢renamed it Istanbul †¢largest city in Europe (700,000+ people) †¢architecturally unbelievable (symbolized wealth and power) -Formed a navy †¢enabled Ottomans to conquer Venice and Mediterranean Islands -Improved Army †¢guns + gunpowder + technical advantages -portable guns Decline of Ottomans: Inflation, created an atmosphere of bribery and corruption. Not able to pay Janissaries so they no longer had complete power. Army became less efficient. Sultans stopped training their sons to rule so they became terrible rulers. So power went to the Janissaries and became a hereditary thing. Empire soon began to be ruled by the military.

Dialectic Neocapitalist Theory In The Works Of Tarantino Essay

Dialectic neocapitalist theory in the works of Tarantino 1. Tarantino and Derridaist reading In the works of Tarantino, a predominant concept is the concept of dialectic truth. However, Baudrillard promotes the use of modernism to read and modify class. Many desituationisms concerning the role of the participant as poet exist. If one examines prematerial Marxism, one is faced with a choice: either accept modernism or conclude that the task of the participant is deconstruction, given that prematerial Marxism is invalid. Therefore, the premise of dialectic neocapitalist theory implies that academe is intrinsically a legal fiction. The primary theme of Geoffrey's[1] essay on prematerial Marxism is a capitalist whole. The characteristic theme of the works of Tarantino is not modernism, as Lacan would have it, but neomodernism. In a sense, Lyotard uses the term 'postcultural discourse' to denote the economy, and subsequent absurdity, of semioticist society. The subject is contextualised into a modernism that includes narrativity as a reality. "Class is part of the meaninglessness of truth," says Sartre; however, according to Parry[2] , it is not so much class that is part of the meaninglessness of truth, but rather the fatal flaw, and eventually the failure, of class. But the main theme of Dietrich's[3] model of neotextual desublimation is a self-referential whole. Derrida's essay on modernism states that the goal of the reader is social comment. Thus, the with... Dialectic Neocapitalist Theory In The Works Of Tarantino Essay Dialectic neocapitalist theory in the works of Tarantino 1. Tarantino and Derridaist reading In the works of Tarantino, a predominant concept is the concept of dialectic truth. However, Baudrillard promotes the use of modernism to read and modify class. Many desituationisms concerning the role of the participant as poet exist. If one examines prematerial Marxism, one is faced with a choice: either accept modernism or conclude that the task of the participant is deconstruction, given that prematerial Marxism is invalid. Therefore, the premise of dialectic neocapitalist theory implies that academe is intrinsically a legal fiction. The primary theme of Geoffrey's[1] essay on prematerial Marxism is a capitalist whole. The characteristic theme of the works of Tarantino is not modernism, as Lacan would have it, but neomodernism. In a sense, Lyotard uses the term 'postcultural discourse' to denote the economy, and subsequent absurdity, of semioticist society. The subject is contextualised into a modernism that includes narrativity as a reality. "Class is part of the meaninglessness of truth," says Sartre; however, according to Parry[2] , it is not so much class that is part of the meaninglessness of truth, but rather the fatal flaw, and eventually the failure, of class. But the main theme of Dietrich's[3] model of neotextual desublimation is a self-referential whole. Derrida's essay on modernism states that the goal of the reader is social comment. Thus, the with...

Life in Outer Space †Lets explore Essay

Life in outer space is one of those topics mankind has tried to find an answer for through out its entire history. But the question still remains unanswered, mysteries unsolved. The vast space is one of the most mysterious and undiscovered mysteries man kind had ever thought of and the question is will it ever be solved Unlimited discoveries and mysteries lie uncovered within them. Over the years, we, as human beings have constantly been challenging and pushing our limits by venturing into space and beyond. But what I believe is, the only proof we have; that some smart creatures exist in outer space. That they have never tried to contact us dumb human beings, The proof isn’t too attractive. Personally speaking about life in outer space, I think most of this is all stupid and great money is pushed into all this research which bears not much evidence of aliens up there. giving some way to second thought, even if someone convinces me there is life on the moon which I know there isnt, because some kind of an atmosphere is essential for life to exist which isnt present. NASA talks about finding seas on our moon, mars, and the moon of Jupiter, but is it still proven or a stationary cloud of dust close to the surface of the moon or mars looks like a sea to these man made picture taking satellites. Then this question arises of why is it all there? The space, the moon the sun, the planets, every thing out there why is it present? The gods werent crazy when all this was made or the big bang theory isnt totally wrong. There is a meaning to all of this, to all the planets, the natural satellites and all which is up there but the true meaning hasnt been found yet. We all think from different minds and have different perspectives. Its all  what we think it is. If I think that mars has strange creatures with one eye and ten hands living on it, its totally fine. You may not agree with me, you may think mars doesnt have shit, its Jupiter which assists aliens of some different specie living on it. So you see its all as you want it. In science that is called Ocidebtal thinking, â€Å"Some actual facts, presented to you in a convincing way, now no one can convince you otherwise† Mind & body, 1999thinking about all of, which goes on in the space fascinated me once too, but when I think of disasters happening to our astronauts and for one, example Kalpana Chawlas space ship which was blown to pieces due to some miscalculation and a human error, who will be held responsible for that, you, me us or poor aliens which dont even exist. So in the end of all my arguments and all the worthless theory people present what I will say is, being human beings which are supposed to be the smartest beings on the entire universe. We stop thinking about fantasies and wait until something solid comes to us. So that I really am proved wrong; and existence of life outer space is really proved to be fact. Saad AftabSources:Space and beyond – 1999 (Phillips jr)Nataional Grpgraphic magazine September issue – John QuinnWebWorksIcon – Research paper (2005)

Work Of Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe Architecture Essay

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe ( 1886-1969 ) , a German-born designer is widely regarded as one of the pioneering Masterss of Modern architecture, responsible for set uping and popularising a new architectural manner in the U.S. Mies left Germany in 1938 to head the Armour Institute, which subsequently became the Illinois Institute of Technology. His design of the Main Campus and of other of import edifices, such as the flat towers at 860 and 880 North Lake Shore Drive in Chicago and the Seagram Building in New York, helped put a new aesthetic criterion for modern architecture. ( Blake, 1960 ) .Mies created an animating twentieth century architectural manner, stated with high lucidity and simpleness. He carried the ideals of rationalism and minimal art to new degrees. His work in US made usage of modern stuffs such as steel and glass to specify interior infinites. ( Kostof, 1995 ) . He called his edifices â€Å" skin and castanetss † architecture. He wanted to accomplish an architec ture with a minimum model of structural order balanced against the implied freedom of free fluxing infinite. Mies ‘ Buildings in US radiate the assurance, reason and elegance of their Godhead, free of ornamentation surplus. ( Blake, 1960 ) His doctrine that â€Å" less is more † became a guideline for designers in the twentieth century. ( SearchQuotes ) With the constitution of a new campus for the Illinois Institute of Technology ( IIT ) , Mies van der Rohe had the chance to be after the campus every bit good as several other of edifice. The Minerals and Metallic elements edifice ( 1942- 1943 ) was Mies ‘ really first building on the campus. This edifice marked the first measure toward the realisation of Mies ‘ maestro program for the IIT campus which was one of his most celebrated plants in America. This undertaking is â€Å" non something made by the God of Crown hall † stated by Kevin Harrington but instead Mies urges us to understand the edifice as portion of the development of his ain architectural language.This is where we foremost see his passage from signifiers that has been â€Å" beloved to his bosom † , seen in his work in Europe, to new signifiers that were â€Å" possible, necessary and important † . It is in the Minerals and Metallic elements edifice we foremost see Mies usage of invol ute -steel- I beam as portion of his structural grammar. Mies ‘ unconventional usage of steel was a map to the interior of the edifice, and it inaugurated a technique he used once more in his undertakings in America. Giedion,1982 ) . Crown Hall ( 1950-1956 ) . This edifice situated on the IIT campus is a modern chef-d'oeuvre. The National Historic landmark described Crown hall as â€Å" A consecutive forward look of building and materiality, which allows the construction to transcent into art † . Crown hall is an tremendous room, 120 ten 220 ft. in program, 18 ft. high without interior columns, used for the architectural school. The edifice is raised several pess above the land to let visible radiation for the below grade school of Design. The most interesting point is the structural solution of open structural beams above the roof, doing dear the method of accomplishing the clear-span inside. The immense graduated table of the edifice and the column-free unfastened program of the chief floor of Crown hall demonstrates Mies ‘ advanced construct of making cosmopolitan infinite. Mies van der Rohe ended his relationship with the school in 1958. ( Blake,1960 ) Exterior, entry facade Open program of Crown hall, making cosmopolitan infinite. Switching off from Mies work on IIT campus, another of his well celebrated work is Farnsworth House ( 1946-1951 ) .A little weekend retreat outside Chicago. The ‘Farnsworth house ‘ is one of the most radically minimalist houses of all time designed. It ‘s interior, a individual room, subdivided by dividers and wholly enclosed in glass. â€Å" The mutism speaks to us through the gentle and contlingent scene of the house on its site † Hartoonian ( 1984, pp.48 ) .The edifice is held together by merely eight steel columns. Mies van de Rohe was able to recognize spacial and structural thoughts. For illustration the I beams are both structural and expressive. â€Å" The usage of glass negates the dialectics of enclosure and openness † Hartoonian ( 1984, pp.48 ) . Farnsworth House which may look as an iconic glass box to be viewed from afar is instead a infinite through which life unfolds both independently and interdependently with nature. ( Blake, 1960 ) . Sketch of Mies Farnsworth ‘s House. Floor program of Farnsworth House. The Seagram Building on Park Avenue was Mie ‘s first effort at tall office edifice construction.Mies creates a arresting memorial to the International Styles religion in simpleness and lucidity. The 38-story tower rapidly began the state ‘s most influential and copied office edifice, an instant classic. The edifice ‘s external faces are given their character by the quality of the stuffs used – the tinted glass and the bronzy ‘I-beams ‘ applied all the manner up the edifice. In the image below you can see the edifice is pulled back from street line to let the edifice to besiege the reverse commissariats of the metropolis codification â€Å" every bit good as make its ain external respiration infinite † ( Kostof,1995 ) The Seagram Building is the first bronze-coloured skyscraper. The metal bronze tegument that is seen in the frontage is non-structural but is used to show the thought of the structural frame that is underneath. Extra perpendicu lar elements were besides welded to the window panels, non merely to stiffen the tegument for installing and air current burden, but to aesthetically farther heighten the perpendicular articulation of the edifice. ( Blake,1960 ) . Exterior position from the northwest Structural program of one corner, demoing the chief. wharf and projecting I- beams. 860-880 Lake Shore Drive Apartments in Chicago is another of Mies ‘ high rise edifice where he implied the same manner of modern architecture carried in his undertakings in the US. The 26-story towers surrounding Lake Michigan give a beautiful waterfront position. The ground for this creative activity involved his construct that architecture should be independent of the site. The edifices are renowned for their structural lucidity and composing on the site. The same common stuffs are used in this undertaking: steel, aluminum and glass. The most impressive characteristic of the edifice is the tegument and bone look of the steel and glass towers.The steel I-beams effortlessly define the construction while the glass suspends and encloses infinite. It is obvious that he relies on lucidity of signifier achieved through elegant proportions. Prior to this point, construction was hidden within architecture, but here we see a change.Mies merged the two by exposing the steel, recognizing his ain words: â€Å" When engineering reaches it true fulfillment, it transcends into architecture † This is non merely seen in this undertaking but many of his other undertakings in the US. ( Blase,1999 ) Two flat edifices at cross axis towards one another on the triangular site presenting position of environing country. Another of Mies really dramatic undertakings is Federal Center.Here one time once more we see the minimalist glass and steel design which is really simple yet really dramatic. Harmonizing to the AIA usher of Chicago: â€Å" Mies ‘s sturdy devotedness to principle, together with his vaunted sensitiveness to proportion and structural item, and, in this instance, the organisational graduated table, combine to give the composite a monumental urban presence. Both towers are curtain-wall constructions, feature of the high-rise design of Mies ‘s American period. Their steel frames, suppressed behind unvarying walls of glass and steel, are marked off by projecting steel I-beam mullions. The Post Office, a unitary infinite with a cardinal nucleus, is likewise typical of Mies ‘s reductivist construct of the single-storey marquee. Externally thin yet powerful structural columns of steel brace tremendous window glasss of tinted glass. † The place at the federal centre is cold, uninviting which minimum seating and with this the one narrative station office, everything feels really useful. But this does non intend Mies lacked an oculus for detail.His oculus for inside informations is seen through all glass design, which was really calculated every bit good as the granite tiles of place to the granite walls in the anteroom. Black I-beams expression really industrial running up the side of the edifice and are wholly cosmetic. The Alexander Caldwell ‘s flamingo construction in the centre is marked contrast to the field edifice behind it. ( Blaser,2004 ) The place of the Mies new wave der rohe designed Federal centre in Chicago, The Klucynski builidng is to the left, one narrative station office to the right and Alezander Caldwells flamingo construction in the centre. Mies van der Rohe without a uncertainty created an influential twentieth century architectural manner in the US, stated with high lucidity and simplicity.He helped specify modern architecture in the US by stressing unfastened infinite, uncovering the industrial stuffs used and reinventing the signifier of edifices. He carried the ideals of rationalism and minimal art to new degrees. This is clearly apparent in Minerals and Metallic elements, Crown hall, Farnsworth house, Seagram edifice and the Federal Center.His usage of modern stuffs such as glass and steel can besides be seen in these edifices. Mie ‘s ‘ Buildings in the US radiate the assurance, reason and elegance of their Godhead, free of extra ornamentation. He follows his doctrine that â€Å" less is more † and this attack of Mies is pertinent as of all time in his undertakings. ( Blake,1960 ) .

Delinquent Law essays

Delinquent Law essays The Original law of the Illinois juvenile court defined a delinquent as: a child under the age of sixteen years who has violated any laws of the state, or any city or village ordinance. Under the common law, children between the ages of 7 and 16 years of could be dealt with as delinquent. Today in 37 states and in the District of Columbia, juvenile courts are initially responsible for all violations committed by youth under the age of 18. In ten states the age limit is 17 and in three states the jurisdictional age is 16, which means that anyone at these ages or above will face criminal prosecution. Dependency, neglect, and violation of educational laws have been included in most jurisdictions of the juvenile courts. Juvenile delinquency from a legal state combines the characteristics of social protection and restriction. Juvenile delinquency may be a reflection of ethical defects in the families pattern of living. The parent themselves may be contributing to the delinquency of their offsprings by the example of their own social misconduct. The broken home defined as one in which one or both parents are absent because of death, desertion, separation, divorce, or a commitment to an institution, have contributed to juvenile delinquency. Other factors that may contribute to the high rate of juvenile delinquency is excessive poverty, dependency, overcrowding and other poor home conditions, and the lack of parental control or attention. Why do youths join gangs? This Question has many answers, and it all depends upon many factors that are Affecting the youths life. For some youths there isnt a choice, they are born into the activities of gangs because of their parents. Others that dont have a choice are the ones who are forced in or recruited very strongly. Younger kids about the age of 10 or 11 are chased down by older, bigger and tougher gang members and beat up. They are made to keep a watch out for the police at a parti...

Social Services Structure And Function Social Work Essay Essays

Social Services Structure And Function Social Work Essay Essays Social Services Structure And Function Social Work Essay Essay Social Services Structure And Function Social Work Essay Essay There are many different constructions for different administrations. I am traveling to be explicating the current construction of societal services and am traveling to explicate the consequence of the direction construction whilst looking at the chief services that chief sectors have to offer. I will explicate the operation of one societal work scene and analyze the impact of societal work with respects to a peculiar group. I will utilize a recent instance for my chosen sector and measure the weaknesss of the societal services, who those weaknesss effected and what has been done since to guarantee it does non go on once more. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nhssb.n-i.nhs.uk/structures/social_services.gif Above is an illustration of how the Social Services Hierarchical construction looks. It follows the layout of a pyramid and derives into the base of staff degree employees with normally the Chief executive officer or manager at the top. There are many pros to holding an administration construction like this. It allows employees to see clearly who it is they need study to and makes obvious their degrees of duty. This is critical to a societal service administration to safeguard non merely themselves but their service users. A priestly system, nevertheless, does besides hold its disadvantages. It promotes competition which could deflect some who are peculiarly competitory. Martin, J and Fellenz, M ( 2010 ) suggest Often Hierarchies are created non because they are functionally required but because they provide a locale for forcing unwanted people up in the administration or for supplying promotional avenue. These dysfunctional hierarchies are in fact the cause for decreased organizati onal effectivity Another common illustration of organizational constructions is Matrix. The matrix construction groups its employees by map and merchandise. The design of this construction is instead level in comparing to that of the hierarchy. They normally work under the caput of a undertaking director but besides have a functional caput who they would describe to. An advantage of this is that it allows employees to specialize in a specific field but can sometimes besides cause confusion as to who to describe to. Ealing societal services offer many different services: child care and early old ages, bluish badge strategy, kid protection and safe guarding, public assistance benefits low income, furthering and acceptance and attention places. Im traveling to look at Child protection and safe guarding. Below is the hierarchal construction that Ealing usage for their Children in demand squad: Again it is clear to see who is in charge and who each employee needs to describe to. At the top there are the squad directors ; below them is the deputy squad director. The deputy would be responsible for describing to the squad director. Below the deputy there the societal workers and senior societal workers who are both responsible for describing to the Deputy squad director. Below them there are societal worker helpers who report to the societal workers and senior societal workers. Ealing Social services kids in demand squad ( 2011 ) province on their web site: Children in Need squad offer a societal work service to households where kids are deemed to be in demand as defined by subdivision 17 of the Children Act 1989. They work preponderantly with: Children whose names are on the kid protection registry, kids deemed to be in demand of household support services due to an assessed degree of demand and kids with a disablement that is non deemed to be severe and profound the latter are referred to the Children with Disability Team. Social workers will measure household demands and pull up a household support bundle with parents to enable kids to be safely and efficaciously cared for within their households. The squad are seeking to better the lives of their service users by supplying a support which can be authorising. They have a duty to guarantee kids and immature people who may be marginalised are safeguarded whilst advancing their public assistance. They ha ve other squads who they work in partnership with such as the Youth Offending squad who try to forestall re piquing among young persons and supply support for victims of young person offense. These statutory administrations are funded by the authorities. Although these squads do the best they can to better the lives of marginalised kids and young persons, errors can and make go on. This can take to drastic effects on non merely the service user but the administration as a whole particularly if one has non followed the codification of behavior provided by the societal services. There was an question made intro the decease of Victoria Climbie Who died aged eight on the 25th February 2000. She died from multiple hurts. Marie-Therese Kouao was Victoria s Aunt and career she lived with her Boyfriend Carl Manning from whom Victoria received barbarous maltreatment from. In 1999 she was foremost taken to the infirmary by her child-minder who suspected the miss had non inadvertent hurts but the physician accepted Kouao s narrative that the lesions were self-inflicted by rubing at itchs sores. The kid protection governments were alerted as a safeguard. Social worker Lisa Arthurworrey and PC Karen Jones were assigned to the instance and conducted a place visit. Subsequently the same twelvemonth Victoria was admitted to hospital once more. This clip for scaulding to her caput and face. Immediately physicians suspected that these hurts were intentionally inflicted. Kouao told Arthurworrey and Jones that the hurts were due to her pouring hot H2O over Victoria s caput to halt her from rubing her scalp and that other hurts on her were caused by Victoria utilizing utensils. These accounts were accepted by the kid protection governments and Victoria was collected from infirmary by Kouao. Evidence reveals that Victoria was forced by Maning to kip in the bath with merely a bin line drive. In the same twelvemonth of 1999 Kouao advised societal workers that Victoria had been sexually assaulted by Maning but withdrew her statement the following twenty-four hours. Personal computer Jones was to look into this but after no answer to the missive she sent to Kouao she took no farther action. Early 2000 Victoria was once more admitted to the infirmary. This clip for a combination of malnutrition and hypothermia and she was transferred to an intensive attention ward. She died the following twenty-four hours. DR Nathaniel Carey, the place office diagnostician examined Victoria and found 128 different hurt s and scars many of which were coffin nail Burnss. He desc ribed what he saw as the worst instance of kid maltreatment I ve of all time encounter. Both Marie-Therese Kouao and Carl Manning were charged with the slaying of Victoria Climbie. When they were interviewed they both claimed that Victoria was possessed. They were sentence to life in prison for what Judge Howkins described as Victoria s lonely drawn out decease . The decease of Victoria could hold been avoided had the right determinations been made from those assigned to protect her. There were gross failures of the system. The inquiry study confirms that there were at least 13 occasions where relevant services could hold intervened and assist Victoria but they failed to make so. This intercession would non hold put heavy demands on staff, or required great accomplishment so it is flooring to all that no action was of all time taken. Another failure was adequateness of the system. Lord Lamming argued that had Ealing, in my position, done the occupation they should hold done on the 2nd twenty-four hours that Victoria was in this state, it is likely that all of the other bureaus would non hold needed to be involved. He besides pointed out that at the clip of Victoria s instance Ealing Social services were passing significantly below their Standard Spending Assessment ( SSA ) on services for kids. Child protection services besides failed Victo ria by failure to implement the Children Act 1989. This was described by Crippling as a fundamentally sound statute law . The chief purposes of the Act are: to convey together private and public jurisprudence in one model ; to accomplish a better balance between protecting kids and enabling parents to dispute province intercession ; to promote greater partnership between statutory governments and parents ; to advance the usage of voluntary agreements ; to reconstitute the model of the tribunals to ease direction of household proceedings. Had this act have been implemented it is about certain that Victoria s terminal would non hold been the calamity that it was. Not merely did these weaknesss have a profound consequence on the service user taking to her decease. It besides impacted the administration as a whole. An enquiry was called after the strong belief of Kouao and Manning. There were inquiries that had been raised about the engagement of societal workers which Carole Baptiste, the Senior societal worker for Victoria s instance, failed to go to. She was tried for intentionally transgressing an enquiry biddings and was fined ?500. Henry ( 2008 ) states the tragic decease of Victoria Climbie, in Haringey, at the custodies of her grandaunt and the adult female s fellow, sparked an independent enquiry by Lord Laming, a kids s measure and structural alterations to societal services sections across the state A database suggested by Crippling was to be introduced which will hold all the necessary inside informations of 11million kids including GP s, Schools and Social workers working with them. There was besides the assignment of a kids s co mmissioner, the meeting of council instruction and societal services sections and the constitution of local safeguarding kids boards, made up of senior council functionaries, societal workers, constabulary, instruction and wellness staff. The review of kids s services has besides been brought under Ofsted s remit. If a kid protection system has different constructions, systems and working in different countries, it has the possible to do serious complications. Because of this there were new local authorities constructions introduced. There was besides a suggestion for a national kid protection bureau but this was rejected. There was besides a recommendation for a new Social services construction which is below: Ministerial Children and Families board National Agency for Children and Families ( Children s Commissioner for England ) Regional Office Local Member Committee For Children and Families Management Board for Services To Children and Families Local Forum Director of kids and households Servicess Social Servicess Safeguarding Children Other Polices Health Servicess In decision the administration construction for the Social Services is critical to the smooth running of the services they offer and to the safe guarding of their service users. If statute laws and policies are non followed so the construction can neglect non merely the administration but the service users. The Hierarchy system is still in topographic point with the Social Services to day of the month and with the alterations that have been implicated to non merely the construction but the administration as whole should guarantee smooth running in the hereafter with right determinations being made by those who need to do them.

English Coursework Help How to Review Your Freelancers and Know Youre Paying for a Good One

English Coursework Help How to Review Your Freelancers and Know Youre Paying for a Good One English Coursework Help: How to Review Your Freelancers and Know You’re Paying for a Good One Hiring a freelance writer is easy. Hiring a quality writer who will meet your specifications, use correct spelling grammar and words, and turn in assignments on time is more challenging. If you are looking for the English coursework help, look at these tips before you search for a freelancer to write for you. Spelling and Grammar Ask the freelancer to send you several samples of their work. You want at least two, so you can compare the documents and assure yourself that they are similar enough that the freelancer actually wrote them. Check the documents for spelling and grammar errors, or any odd usage of language. Then you want to review the freelancer’s profile, if available. The profile, especially the overview, will reveal many things to you. Lack of an overview or summary may tell you they do not take much pride in their work. Errors in the profile can give you an indication of the quality of paper you might receive from them. If a freelancer will not take the time to make sure the writing they use to represent themselves is perfect, you can be sure they will not take the time on your paper either. Formatting Since you have a few samples of the freelancer’s work determine what type of papers they are. If they are academic papers such as term papers or argumentative essays, you can review the format. A quick Google search will give you an idea of how each specific paper should be formatted, as different papers have different requirements. You can compare the suggested formatting against the sample paper and see if they are similar, or not. A poorly formatted sample paper from a freelancer may mean they do not put enough thought into the format, so if you do work with them you will need to clarify the format and give them specific instructions. Style and Word Usage Take note of the writer’s style. Are they too wordy? Do they tend to take the long way around when explaining something? If you see this in the paper, you may see it in future writing you receive from them as well. If you are looking for a specific style you might ask the freelancer if they have any samples in that style, or find a writer whose style is similar to what you are looking for. Many freelancers are able to be flexible to an extent, but the best results come from hiring someone who has a writing style you already view favorably. Sources and Citations If the sample is an academic paper requiring sources to be cited, take a look at those too. This will give you a huge insight into how this writer researched the topic subject. If you find the sources odd or not authoritative enough, you might keep searching for a freelancer. You may also be pleased with the sources used and this detail in the sample paper can confirm your choice of writer. Keeping these details in mind and doing a little research of your own before hiring a freelance coursework writer  can save you a headache or two later on.

IBIS Technology Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

IBIS Technology Corporation - Essay Example A qualified opinion may be expressed for one or more of the following reasons: The auditor has concluded that there are material but not pervasive misstatements with respect to the appropriateness and application of accounting policies as well as the adequacy of disclosures in the financial statements The auditor cannot obtain sufficient and appropriate audit evidence on which to base an opinion but concludes that the possible effects could be material but not pervasive, including limitations imposed by management; and circumstances beyond the company’s control. There are uncertainties in relation to whether the company would be able to continue to operate as a going concern During the course of an audit it is a requirement that the auditors take into consideration the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern assumption in the preparation of the financial statements. The going concern assumption is a fundamental assumption in the preparation of financial statements. Going concern assumes that the business will continue in operation for the foreseeable future with no intention to liquidate. This type of qualified opinion suggests that the possibility exist that the organization may not be operational in the foreseeable future (BPP 2009). It indicates that there are a number of factors that could give rise to this including declining sales and profits or increasing losses. This is also an indication that an organization may not be able to honor its obligations as they fall due if it cannot generate the level of revenues necessary to do cover its costs and leave some in reserves. Additionally, if an organization continues to make losses thereby eroding reserves it may... During the course of an audit, it is a requirement that the auditors take into consideration the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern assumption in the preparation of the financial statements. The going concern assumption is a fundamental assumption in the preparation of financial statements. Going concern assumes that the business will continue in operation for the foreseeable future with no intention to liquidate. This type of qualified opinion suggests that the possibility exists that the organization may not be operational in the foreseeable future. It indicates that there are a number of factors that could give rise to this including declining sales and profits or increasing losses. This is also an indication that an organization may not be able to honor its obligations as they fall due if it cannot generate the level of revenues necessary to do cover its costs and leave some in reserves. Additionally, if an organization continues to make losses thereb y eroding reserves it may not be able to carry out any major investments or any projects in the form of research and development. In a case where an organization is no longer a going concern, the organization’s noncurrent (fixed) assets are valued at the price they are likely to fetch in a forced sale and their current assets such as stock and debtors will also be discounted to the price they are likely to fetch in a liquidation. This value will be substantially less than the values in the books which assume that the organization is a going concern.

Emile Durkheim - The Rules Of Sociological Method and Suicide Essay

Emile Durkheim - The Rules Of Sociological Method and Suicide - Essay Example In accordance with the specific definition ‘a social fact is anyway of acting, whether fixed or not, capable of exerting over the individual an external constraint; or which is general over the whole of a given society, whilst having an existence of its own independent of its individual manifestations’ (Durkheim, 1895, p.59 in Gilbert, 1989, p.244-245). Through an additional explanation of social facts – including in the above work of Durkheim – it is made clear that ‘here, then, is a category of facts which present very special characteristics: they consist of manners of acting, thinking and feeling external to the individual, which are invested with a coercive power by virtue of which they exercise control over him’ (Durkheim, 1895, Ch. 1 in Lukes, 1982, p. 51). In accordance with the above, social facts can influence all aspects of the behaviour of individuals as parts of the society; for this reason, social facts are closely related with th e social ethics held within a specific region at a particular period of time. Because of the above issues, theorists that are asked to interpret the behaviour of individuals towards specific social or political events should start by identifying the social ethics of the society involved; at a next level, any reflection of the individuals to their social and political environment could be considered as a justifiable initiative. In accordance with Morrison (1990) ‘Durkheim, working from a Comtean tradition, essentially sought to bring sociological subject matter within the confines of a positivist methodology; accordingly, most of the programmatic statements Durkheim made about sociological subject matter tended to equate sociological events with external regularity and this may explain Durkheims use of the claim "consider social facts as things"’ (Morrison, 1990, 93). In other words, the use of term ‘things’ by Durkheim when having to

Analysis of Letter to the American people Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis of Letter to the American people - Essay Example to dissolve in religious frenzy that prompts him to submit: â€Å"(Q2) As for the second question that we (bin Laden) want to answer: What are we calling you to, and what do we want from you? (1) The first thing that we are calling you to is Islam. (Letter). Thus bin Laden is merely a religious salesman and because of this does not possess the credibility to speak for the Islamic world regarding other issues. Firstly, the charges he levels against US support of Israel seem vacant in light of certain realities. He accuses us, saying, â€Å"As for the first question: Why are we fighting and opposing you? The answer is very simple: (1) Because you attacked us and continue to attack us... You attacked us in Palestine.† (Letter) Of course by this he means through our support of Israel, Palestinians have suffered. Or does he? Many critics point out that al Qaeda has been conspicuously absent from any efforts to help the Palestinians in any way other than vocal support for suicide bombers, the satisfaction of which is reflected in his statement... "Think not of those who are killed in the way of Allah as dead. Nay, they are alive with their Lord, and they are being provided for. They rejoice in what Allah has bestowed upon them from His bounty and rejoice for the sake of those who have not yet joined them, but are left behind (not yet martyred) that on them no fear shall come, nor shall they grieve. They rejoice in a grace and a bounty from Allah, and that Allah will not waste the reward of the believers." [Quran 3:169-171] (Letter) He attempts to prove a point, and it’s a religious one having nothing to do with the Palestinians securing their own state—a position forwarded by many American diplomats over the years and just recently given as a stated goal of the Obama administration. This goal, as it appears at the moment, comes over the objections of the new Israeli leadership. â€Å"...you attacked us in Palestine,† is a clear effort to connect the Palestinians with

Assignments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assignments - Essay Example Sporadic outbreak of serious epidemics demands maximum service from the health care sector. The role of nurses becomes crucial at this juncture. A nursing student should be well trained in epidemic management and care. So it is advisable for nursing students to attend such epidemic stricken areas as part of their curriculum. Caring older people is an important aspect of nursing job. The geriatric community is very vulnerable and hence dealing with them requires good training. Usually the elder people are dependent both physically and mentally. Attending to the patient’s nutritional intake, personal hygiene and mobility is a time consuming process. Once they are with the elder patients they get to know them better, especially their individual personality. In addition to these elderly patients suffer from conditions like dementia. Interacting with such patients with mental dependence demands a lot of patience from the nurse’s part. Assignments 1st Assignment Different com munities have their own specific traditions which will be very useful in treating them. Many ethnic medical practices were found to be useful in modern medicine. A close observation of the tribal community opens the storehouse of ethnomedicine and native wisdom. The tribal people are aware of many herbs which have medicinal value and can be used as panacea to many fatal illnesses. In addition to this, knowing the customs and manners of a community makes the interaction with them easier. For that, a trip to any ethnic religious ceremony or family function can be included in the course. â€Å"At a practical level, nurses must be cognizant that culture affects individual and collective experiences that are directly and indirectly related to health† (Singleton & Krause, 2009). This helps the student to experience the intensity of family relationship and moral values particular to that group. This knowledge can be useful for the nurse to make necessary arrangements for them in the hospital when they come for treatment later in life. Knowing more about other culture and customs can help the student improve his outlook about the world, thus broadening the frontiers of knowledge on traditions, religion and languages. As a result of this program the student develops; 1. Awareness of the cultural background of the patient 2. Sensitivity to the cultural needs of the patient 3. Expertise in implementing culturally based strategies to provide better health care 2nd Assignment The need for serving an epidemic affected community can be best illustrated by analyzing the activities of a nurse in an epidemic outbreak like Malaria. In such a situation, a nurse is required to have expertise in taking the medical history of the patient, collecting blood samples, should have an idea of the therapeutic guidelines in treating the disease. The nurse should also know vector management and control, and record keeping and documentation of medical information. While engaging in epi demic management, the student learns to give health promotion guidelines to patients to remain alert in preventing further outbreaks. This rapid assessment of epidemic involves ‘assessment of current circumstances and scope of the damage’ (Veenema, 2007, p. 182). In addition to this, they learn the different follow up techniques to be used among the patients in the post outbreak period. As part of their course, they can keep a record of their activities in the endemic affected area. This

McDonaldization of Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

McDonaldization of Society - Essay Example Mcdonaldization of society is an explanation of a good society and is becoming more efficient. Max states that McDonald is the vehicle by which current civilization is becoming more proficient technique for people to go from an ailment of hunger to a state of satiety. However, McDonaldization and efficiency have negative effects (Ritzer 167). The Imminent side effects must be documented and appreciated in order to fully comprehend the effect that Mcdonaldization has on today’s culture. Max also believes that McDonaldization is a social logical thesis that reinforces the current trends of culture and society. Ritzier describes the rational spare of society and his procedures of routine and settled procedures for dealing with situations which can occur in an orderly fashion. I do agree with ritzier sociologist this is because the eating habits greatly influence the cultural behavior of people (Ritzer 200). People easy forget the past about their past practices and begins to follow the new way of eating which is more affordable at consumes less of our

Assignments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assignments - Essay Example Sporadic outbreak of serious epidemics demands maximum service from the health care sector. The role of nurses becomes crucial at this juncture. A nursing student should be well trained in epidemic management and care. So it is advisable for nursing students to attend such epidemic stricken areas as part of their curriculum. Caring older people is an important aspect of nursing job. The geriatric community is very vulnerable and hence dealing with them requires good training. Usually the elder people are dependent both physically and mentally. Attending to the patient’s nutritional intake, personal hygiene and mobility is a time consuming process. Once they are with the elder patients they get to know them better, especially their individual personality. In addition to these elderly patients suffer from conditions like dementia. Interacting with such patients with mental dependence demands a lot of patience from the nurse’s part. Assignments 1st Assignment Different com munities have their own specific traditions which will be very useful in treating them. Many ethnic medical practices were found to be useful in modern medicine. A close observation of the tribal community opens the storehouse of ethnomedicine and native wisdom. The tribal people are aware of many herbs which have medicinal value and can be used as panacea to many fatal illnesses. In addition to this, knowing the customs and manners of a community makes the interaction with them easier. For that, a trip to any ethnic religious ceremony or family function can be included in the course. â€Å"At a practical level, nurses must be cognizant that culture affects individual and collective experiences that are directly and indirectly related to health† (Singleton & Krause, 2009). This helps the student to experience the intensity of family relationship and moral values particular to that group. This knowledge can be useful for the nurse to make necessary arrangements for them in the hospital when they come for treatment later in life. Knowing more about other culture and customs can help the student improve his outlook about the world, thus broadening the frontiers of knowledge on traditions, religion and languages. As a result of this program the student develops; 1. Awareness of the cultural background of the patient 2. Sensitivity to the cultural needs of the patient 3. Expertise in implementing culturally based strategies to provide better health care 2nd Assignment The need for serving an epidemic affected community can be best illustrated by analyzing the activities of a nurse in an epidemic outbreak like Malaria. In such a situation, a nurse is required to have expertise in taking the medical history of the patient, collecting blood samples, should have an idea of the therapeutic guidelines in treating the disease. The nurse should also know vector management and control, and record keeping and documentation of medical information. While engaging in epi demic management, the student learns to give health promotion guidelines to patients to remain alert in preventing further outbreaks. This rapid assessment of epidemic involves ‘assessment of current circumstances and scope of the damage’ (Veenema, 2007, p. 182). In addition to this, they learn the different follow up techniques to be used among the patients in the post outbreak period. As part of their course, they can keep a record of their activities in the endemic affected area. This

Peer Review Feedback Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Peer Review Feedback - Essay Example It drew my attention to the article. The opening line, â€Å"I can remember the hunger I felt to obtain and share information as a child†, delivers the punch that is carried through in the opening paragraph. Another feature of your article is the detailed account of your various stages of transition presented in the work. Finally, I must say that you use simple words that make it easy to read and understand your work. Weaknesses The punch of the opening paragraphs is not felt in the later stages of the work. This reduces the attractiveness and readability of the work. There are two aspects here that I would like to point. The first is the style of writing makes the work appear disjointed. The flow is lacking. For example, you end one paragraph with â€Å"during this time, I obtained my son’s medical chart and reviewed it alone, and with health care professionals, while again using self taught research skills.† The next paragraph starts with â€Å"massage therapy career path, seemingly unrelated to the field of journalism, was full of more opportunities to collect information via research and interviewing†. There is lack of transition here. My last impression on weaknesses in the work is the lack of vivre le joi or the joy of living. You are dealing with a part of your life. I am sure you will agree that no life is worth without the essence of joy in it. It is not necessary to merely present the transition of your life as a set of data in research paper. Suggestions I do not feel I hold the privilege of making any suggestions for improving this work. Nevertheless, if may suggest there are three areas that I would address. The first aspect is reducing the size of the sentences. You use simple words, but the size of the sentences is large. The combination of simple words and simple sentences would make understanding of this work easy. I return to my criticism of the work for my next two suggestions. Use transition sentences between para graphs to help continuity in your work. The last suggestion lies in spicing up the work, such that you do convey joy in the life you led so far, and carry the hope that it goes further into your life. PORTFOLIO INTRODUCTION – MARTA IZER I have limited experience in doing a peer review. Therefore, I do not believe that I have much to contribute to your portfolio introduction. In my opinion it is a lovely piece of work. I just loved it. In case my observations help to make this portfolio introduction of yours even better, I believe I am the fortunate one. Any contribution of mine to this work of yours would be superfluous, without repeating that it is a good piece of writing. Strengths Your portfolio introduction has been constructed well, and written in a manner that makes for pleasant reading. Going through the contents has only made me relive my childhood and the transitions that have occurred in my life. You have written in such a style that the reader will be left with a t inge of nostalgia of the years gone by. Another strength in your piece of writing is the simple language that you have used. Simple words constructed into simple sentences have made the reading of this piece of writing easy to read and easy to assimilate. The flow in your writing style is another strength. There is no abrupt change in the direction o your flow of information. One paragraph melds into the other, and so there is no sense of jarring in the reading of the work. Weaknesses Since I like the piece of work it has been difficult for me to identify

Tutorial School Essay Example for Free

Tutorial School Essay To most students, exams are detestable because they suffer greatly whenever an exam comes. Undeniably, examinations play such an important role in education of Hong Kong that they make students usually bury themselves among their books and notes during examinations. One way that students used to deal with exam is attending tutorial school. In recent years, tutorial schools have become popular among secondary school students. More and more students have been attending tutorial classes; even some of them have already gotten satisfactory results in their schools. One can easily find his/her friends and classmates joining tutorial class. We can also easily detect the great numbers of advertisements of the large-scale tutorial schools in the streets, televisions and magazines. In fact, is there a great trend in attending tutorial classes for secondary school students? Are these tutorial classes really beneficial to the students who have joined them? It will be interesting to study all these issues about the recent trend of attending tutorial classes. The objectives of this project are as follows: 1) to find out the reasons that make students go to tutorial schools 2) to see the effectiveness of attending tutorial classes 3) to distinguish whether this phenomenon is related to the mode of nowadays education system 2 Chapter 2 Methodology 2. 1 Choice of method Quantitative method was adopted for this project. A questionnaire was designed and issued to secondary students (From 1 to 7) through the internet and 66 samples were collected since it was convenient to set up questionnaires on net. 2. 2 Classification of the studying target In Hong Kong, the most popular kinds of tutorial course can be classified as private tutorial school, individual tutorial teachers and tutorial class held by school. For the last type, it is usually free of charge and for the purpose of helping those students with poor academic result or putting more focus on students who get good academic result. For this project, I intend to focus more on the first two kinds of tutorial courses since the third kind is usually arranged by the school and the purpose of which is not for making money. Also, whether joining its tutorial class is not decided by students. 2. 3 Target group For this project, all secondary school students will be my target groups because the condition of receiving tutoring among them is more common than that among primary school students, according to a research1, conducted in 2005 by Professor Bray from Hong Kong University, had shown that nearly 50% of primary and lower secondary students receive tutoring while at upper secondary the proportion students receiving tutoring is about 70%. The results of Form 4 to Form 7 students can especially be used in the part to investigate whether this phenomenon is related to the mode of nowadays education system. 1 Private Supplementary Tutoring: Comparative Perspectives on Patterns and Implications,2005 3 2. 4 Questions asked The questions asked were mainly related to the following areas: 1) The general information about the respondents, for example, which Form the respondents belong to, whether they have received tutoring, etc. 2) The reasons of attending tutorial classes, for example, the pressure from parents, following friends decision, and the self-orientated necessity, etc. 3) Some information about attending tutorial schools, for example, which types of tutorial class the respondents joined, how much they pay for receive tutoring per month, etc. 4) The factors concerned when choosing the tutorial school, for example, the popularity, following friends choice, the academic background of tutorial teachers, etc. 5) To what extend going to tutorial classes is effective, for example, it really helps them to get the knowledge, or it helps them to get good result only, etc. 6) The factors that stop students from attending tutorial classes. 7) The possible problems created by this phenomenon, for example, becoming not attentive in classes, time consuming, unfairness between poor and rich students, etc. 2. 5 Problems faced and solutions A few limitations about Internet questionnaires were predicted and observed; fortunately, most of them can be solved. Firstly, although writing the questionnaires in English would be more convenient for me to record down the findings, some respondents might find it difficult to understand the direct meanings of the questions and thus provided the false answers. Secondly, respondents, without seeing them directly, could do the questionnaires repeatedly and thus manipulated the results. Thirdly, respondents might lose temper if the questionnaires were time-consuming and troublesome to finish. As a result, they did the questionnaires playfully, without filling in the correct answers. Lastly, only a few options provided might not be enough to cover all the possibilities of the answers. In response to the above limitations, some improvements have been made as the followings. Firstly, the questionnaire was written in Chinese, which is the most familiar language to the respondents so that they could understand clearly of what the questions were asking. The results also show that all respondents could follow my instructions as none of them answer the questions that they didnt need, for example, respondents who receive tutoring dont need to answer Q15. 4 Secondly, I choose to produce the questionnaire in a website (www. my3q. com) where detection of the source of the received questionnaire form was possible so that if people did the questionnaire repeatedly, I would know. Thirdly, the questionnaire after amendment was only including 15 questions, while all questions are to the point. So that the respondents could fill in the questionnaires within a minute and at the same time I could get enough data I need. Lastly, I have included more options in the questionnaire, and if respondents still have other comments that are not included, they could choose the option â€Å"other†. I believe the proportion of choosing other will be small that not enough to influence the results. 5 Chapter 3 Literature review. There was mainly one previous research, which I could find and had been used to compare with the results of my findings. The research, â€Å"Private Supplementary Tutoring: Comparative Perspectives on Patterns and Implications†, was conducted by Professor Bray in Hong Kong University last year to investigate the Governments current policies on tutoring, the impact of tutoring on mainstream schooling and the society, such as the household expenditure, social equalities and mental development of children, etc. He investigated about 700 primary and secondary school students and found that nearly 50% of primary and lower secondary students receive tutoring; and at upper secondary the proportion is about 70%. Using this ratio, there are 500,000 primary and secondary students receiving tutoring. Professor Bray also found that the condition of joining tutorial class in Hong Kong is more serious than those of our neighboring countries, such as Japan and Korea. The reasons behind discovered were due to schools in Hong Kong usually focus on students academic results, and Hong Kong labor market as well as getting a place in University are very competitive, causing students to join tutorial class. However, Professor Bray pointed out the tutorial classes will cause adversely impacts on mainstream schooling, for example students receiving tutoring became less attentive in class, and influence students’ mental development. He also pointed out that the Government was not doing enough to prevent the existence of unqualified tutors. However, the survey had mainly focused on the reasons and impacts of attending tutorial classes, but less on the effectiveness of receiving tutoring and discussion of whether receiving tutoring is related to the mode of nowadays education system. Therefore, in this project, besides looking at the former 2 areas and comparing them with Professor Brays results, I had also investigated about latter 2 areas to provide some new information about the existing situation. 6 Chapter 4 Findings and Analysis 4. 1 General information of the questionnaire I posted the questionnaires in the Internet on 7/8/2006 and collected them on 24/8/2006. The respondents added up to a total of 66. 4. 2 Details of the results Analysis on the 3 kinds of tutoring Popularity of the 3 kinds of tutoring among different forms: From the above data, 10 of the respondents who received tutoring have received 1 to 1 tutoring, 17 of them have attended small-scale tutorial school and 21 of them have attended large-scale tutorial school. It shows that large-scale tutorial school has the biggest proportion of pupils to choose attending among the 3 choices. Moreover, the chart shows the relationship between the kinds of tutoring and the forms of respondents: The lower forms tend to attend 1 to 1 tutoring, while the higher forms trend to attend small-scale tutorial school and large-scale tutorial school. 7 Reasons for choosing different kinds of tutoring: According to Chart 4. 2, the main reason that respondents of all three kinds of tutoring will consider when choosing a tutor/tutorial class is â€Å"The recommendation of their friends or classmates†, where 34 respondents had chosen this item. As a contrast to Chart 4. 8 which shows that not much respondents will be influenced by friends or classmates to receive tutoring, Chart 4. 2 shows that 69% (34/48) of respondents will consider the recommendation of their friends or classmates when choosing a tutor/ tutorial school. It shows that the influence of peers will be more likely to appear only after respondents had made a decision to receive tutoring. On the other hand, besides the item â€Å"Others†, which none of the respondents had chosen the items that chosen by the least respondents of different kinds of tutoring are also different. For respondents receiving 1 to 1 tutoring and small scale tutoring, most likely they wont consider the item â€Å"results in public exam of students who received tutoring there† and â€Å"the advertisement of that tutor/tutorial school†. It is probably because of the insufficient of information and students usually are hard to know the results in public exam of students who received tutoring in l to l tutoring and small scale tutorial schools, and because there are not much advertisements that made by them. Therefore, respondents that consider these two factors important will not choose these two forms of tutoring. For respondents receiving large scale tutoring, most likely they wont consider the items â€Å"the convenience of location† and â€Å"The qualification of tutors†. It may due to the reasons that large scale tutorial schools cannot be found everywhere and respondents usually have to bear a transportation cost when going to them. Furthermore, the large scale tutorial schools will not advertise themselves about qualification of their tutors. Therefore, respondents consider these factors important will not choose this form of tutoring. 8 Effectiveness of the 3 kinds of tutoring: Major benefits Receiving tutoring in large scale school, most respondents can know the skills to answer questions, while receiving 1 to 1 tutoring and small scale tutorial school, most respondents get the knowledge. Generally speaking, 63% (31/48) of respondents can know well in answering questions after receiving tutoring, and at the same time 57% (28/48) of respondents can get the knowledge from receiving tutoring of all 3 kinds of tutoring. It shows that many tutors can teach their students the knowledge as well as the skills in answering questions. Only 4 respondents feel that they can get nothing helps from receiving tutoring and 2 respondents dont know what receiving tutoring helps them. It also shows that a few respondents will still receive tutoring even though they think it is helpless or they dont recognize what it helps. It should be due to the reason that among them, 5 of their tutorial fees are less than $200 per month and all of them are receiving tutoring for less than 5 hours per week. Receiving tutoring is not a financial burden to their family and doesnt influence their daily activities, so they continue. 9 Other benefits The above chart shows the advantages of receiving tutoring to students performance in lesson. As shown in Chart 4. 4, most respondents believe that the main changes of their attitude are â€Å"understand the lessons than before† and â€Å"remain unchanged†, which made up of 41. 6% (20/48) and 35. 4% (17/48) of the tutoring-portion. On the other hand, only 1 respondent say that he/she â€Å"becomes more concentrate than before† and 3 respondents say they â€Å"become less concentrate than before†. This result indicating that a higher portion of students are able to understand their lessons than before also echoes with Chart 4. 9 which states that 57% (28/48) of respondents can also get the knowledge from receiving tutoring. But this is also one of the possible reasons affecting a few students concentration in classes. 10. Shortages Respondents of all 3 kinds of tutoring most likely are unsatisfied with the expensive tutorial fee. The respondents receiving large scale tutoring are most likely to have the chance of raising questions, and this phenomenon is not commonly found among the other 2 kinds of tutoring. Small scale tutoring is the one that have the most of its students (29%) feeling no defects, while none of respondents receiving 1 to 1 tutoring think that there are no defects. On the other hand, 1 respondent thinks that the things taught are too simple. However, he/she also thinks that he/she still dont quite understand the contents of the books. The tutor may be teaching those things that the respondent already understood instead of going though those parts the respondent found difficult. Another possible reason is that the tutor is not able to answer the questions of the respondent. This reason is more possible because the respondent is receiving 1 to 1 tutoring, which is supposed to be easier to ask questions. Effectiveness in terms of the actual academic result. In general, respondents academic result is slightly improved after receiving tuition, especially for those who attend large scale tutoring. 11 Analysis on nowadays education systems The above chart shows that the number of respondents attending tutorial class is 2. 7 times of those not attending tutorial class. For Form 1-3, 12 of them are attending tutorial course while 9 of them are not. The percentage for Forml-3 respondents to attending tutorial classes over the total Form l-3 respondents is about 57%. For Form 4-5, 19 of them are attending tutorial course while 6 of them are not. The percentage for Form 4-5 respondents to attending tutorial classes over the total Form 4-5 respondents is about 76%. For Form 6-7, 17 of them are attending tutorial course while 3 of them are not. The percentage for Form 6-7 respondents to attending tutorial classes over the total Form 6-7 respondents is about 85%. From the above data, the comparison of percentages of difference groups shows that the group Form 6-7 is having the biggest proportion of students attending tutorial school and group Form 4-5 also have more percentage of students receiving tutoring than Form l-3. The higher the forms, the more the students receive tutoring. The result is the same as the one of Professor Brays research. The chart reflects some problems of the nowadays education system. 12 1) Pressure of attending public exams Students themselves view their academic result important and especially for Form 4-7, who have to attend the public exams. Therefore, 32 and 13 of them have attended tutorial schools for the reason â€Å"To improve their academic result† and â€Å"To maintain their academic result†. Not only respondents, their parents will also request them to attend tutorial class, but the influence of the parents to respondents of Form 6-7 will decrease. It shows the failure of the Government to promote â€Å"studying is not for mark†, as the traditional thinking that â€Å"academic result is very important† is still built in peoples heart firmly. 2) Lacking of trust to school teachers 33% (16/48) of students think that the tutors teaching method better than the school teachers. One possible reason for that might be because the tutors are more likely to be humor and can use more interesting way to present the knowledge to students. Another chart, Chart 4. 13, also shows that only 2% (l/48) of respondents that dont receive tutoring because he/she thinks that the school teachers are good enough. Although this result doesnt show whether respondents think that the school teachers are not good enough to teach them knowledge or not good enough to teach them examination skills, it still can indicate that respondents lack trust towards their school teachers. 3) Spoon-fed Education More than half of the respondents (26/48) receiving tutoring in order to look for skills to answer questions, especially for Form 4-5 and Form 6-7, which have 58% (11/19) and 64% +(11/17) of them attend tutorial school for this reason. It shows that the format of examination is not changing and people can get the trick to perform better in it. By face-to-face contact, students can ask questions more easily and the tutors can have more interaction between themselves and their students. On the other hand, receiving tutoring by video can also be viewed as a kind of â€Å"spoon-fed education†. Chart 4. 9 shows that 73% (35/48) of respondents think that receiving tutoring by face-to-face contact is better. Back to Chart 4. 5, 31% (15/48) of respondents think that there is too little time for students to raise questions when receiving tutoring. Both Chart 4. 9 and Chart 4. 5 suggest that general respondents desire two-ways teaching than single-way teaching actually. 13 Other Education Problems 1) Unbalance between studying and extra curricular activities: Chart 4. 10 shows that more than half (62. 5%) of the respondents usually receive tutoring less than 5 hours per week. It indicates that attending tutorial class consumes not much time too many respondents. However, Chart 4. 11 shows that nearly half of the respondents will have less time for activities other than studying. Are most of the respondents, saying that they have less time for activities other than studying, receiving tutoring more than 10 hours per week? Are most of the respondents, saying that they dont have less time for activities other than studying, receiving tutoring less than 10 hours per week? 14 The table declared 3S below shows that the answers for both questions above are: No. Table4. 1 (Combining Chart 4. 10 and Chart 4. 11): 15 hours 1 (33%) 2 (67%) Yes No After combining the two charts, I found that more than 50% of the respondents said they have less time for extra curricular activities, even though they receive tutoring less than or equal to 10 hours per week. At the same time, more than 65% of the respondents said they dont have less time for extra curricular activities, even they receive tutoring more than or equal to 10 hours per week. These suggest that how much time spending on receiving tutoring might not have direct relationship with affecting the time for having extra curricular activities. The contradicting result for more than 50% of respondents receiving tutoring less than 10 hours per week but having less time for extra curricular activities may due to the reason that although receive tutoring only a few hours per week, traveling to attend tutorial class takes time, or revision and homework are assigned by the tutors, or they choose to sacrifice the time for having extra curricular activities first when they have to receive tutoring. While the contradicting result for more than 60% of respondents receiving tutoring more than 10 hours per week but not having less time for extra curricular activities may due to the reason that these data are collected by a few number of respondents, that might not be able to reflect the general condition. In short, the result shows that it is quite unbalanced between studying and extra curricular activities for respondents. Some students may put too much time on studying and they may sacrifice their time for extra curricular activities (e. g.nearly 50% of the respondents have less time for activities other than studying after receiving tutoring). They may not have an all-round and well-balanced development. 15 2) Heavy financial burden to family and Unfairness between the rich and poor: From Chart 4. 11, most respondents usually pay more than $800 for the tutorial fee per month. It is the same as the results of the Census Statistics Department found in 04/052. According to the Census Statistics Department, the average monthly expenditure on tuition is $1069, $879 and $828 of students of lower secondary, upper secondary and preparatory course respectively. Chart4. tt shows that the tutorial fee of the respondents is mostly bore by then-parents, which would become a financial burden of their family. None of them receive tutoring freely. Besides, only one respondent will pay the tutorial fee by himself/herself, using the money he/she got from his/her part-time job. This may affect his/her studies and health if he/she put too much time on doing part-time job. Fortunately, most respondents dont need to do so. As mentioned before, receiving tutoring may become a financial burden to the family and most respondents of not receiving tutoring because of the expensive tutorial fees. Even for those who receive tutoring, 63% (30/48) of them said the tutorial fee is expensive. This may create the unfairness between the rich and the poor that only those who can afford can receive tutoring. 16 Chapter 5 Conclusion Unlike what the impression of the general public, attending tutorial schools are not only teaching skills for students to tackle the examinations. Other than that, it can also provide quite a lot of benefits to students, such as getting the knowledge and having more confidence, as well as providing benefits to school, because students are able to understand the lessons better. It can be viewed as a useful assisting tool for teaching students besides the normal school. However, the trend that more and more students received tutoring reflects some problems about the existing education system as well as creating some new problems. The existing education system is emphasizing too much on the academic results and making students have a wrong attitude that the most important thing is to get high score. Besides, the spoon-feeding way of teaching used makes students not encourage to have critical thinking. Yet, it is fortunate to find that general respondents desire 2-ways interaction actually. To change peoples traditional thinking of getting high score is the most important is still a long way to go. It is hoped that the government can promote to the society that the importance to learn the knowledge is as same important as, if not more than, getting the marks, and also getting high score is not the only way to reach success. On the other hand, changing the traditional teaching method may be one of the solutions. Students interest in learning will be aroused and students can develop critical thinking instead of just receiving what have been told, by using 2-ways interaction. Teachers can also try to have a more interesting way to teach, for example, using real life examples to explain the difficult theories in books 17 Reflection After completing this study, I have a better understanding of the reasons for and impact on teenagers who attend tutorial classes. Unlike many people’s suspicion of the benefits of tutorial classes, the survey results indicated how the positive impact of tutorial classes attracted students. However, there may be a need to collect more data to further reveal the relationships between the traditional teaching methods in schools and the trend of attending tutorial classes. (Word count: 3797) 18 Chapter 6 Bibliography 1. ‘Private Supplementary Tutoring: Implications’, Mark Bray, 2005 Comparative Perspectives on Patterns and 2. Latest 2004/05-based Consumer Price Indices, Census Statistics Department, 2005 3. Youth Opinion Polls No34 Students and Private Tuition, Hong Kong Federation of Youth Groups (HKFYG), May 1996 4. , * · , *  ·1994  · 5.  ·1992 6. 2000 19 Appendix Questionnaire 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Marks awarded and Comments: Title: Stage III: Marks Comments: Is attending tutorial classes a new trend? 5-6 The candidate is able to explain how s/he discerns the research direction with the knowledge basis from the literature review. Furthermore, analytical skills are demonstrated by the manipulation and integration of data to enrich the findings from the survey. Though the candidate is able to put forward suggestions with reference to the findings, s/he does not justify well the conclusion by employing and analyzing the data. There is a sweeping argument of relating the trend of attending tutorial classes to the spoon-feeding education system. Also, one of the enquiry questions, â€Å"Is there a trend in attending tutorial classes for secondary school students†, is not addressed in the study. 32

Social mobility

Social mobility What is social mobility? Drawing on different perspectives, assess the impact of the education system on opportunities and life chances on the basis of social class. What implications does this have for the work of helping agencies? Social mobility simply describes how people move along the social ladder. For this to happen there must necessarily be some form of social class in place. Social class occurs everywhere, even in the poorest communities. Take a typical village in Ghana for example, you will find that probably the village palm wine tapper or renowned farmer may be at the top of the social ladder; by village standards, they are the rich guys; these in addition could also serve as money lenders or movers and shakers. In the middle of the social ladder in the said village you might find the middle class who constitutes probably the majority of villagers with average incomes making just about enough from their farming or other vocations to make ends meet. Of course, at the bottom of this ladder will be the lower classes that have no jobs or qualifications and are at the mercy of the rich palm wine tapper. Social mobility describes how the classes move from their level of class upwards or downwards. This movement could involve the acquisition of new skills or education in the bid to get better jobs and hence get more income. Sometimes movement is caused by for example winning the lottery, an inheritance from parents or relatives or any procedure either deliberate or accidental which moves a person from one class to another. Social mobility or intergenerational mobilityas economists prefer to call it measures the degree to which peoples social status changes between generations. It is seen by many as a measure of the equality of life opportunities, reflecting the extent to which parents influence the success of their children in later life or, on the flipside, the extent to which individuals can make it by virtue of their own talents, motivation and luck. (Blanden J et al 2005) The Sociology guide has described Social mobility as a vital part of social stratification and an inseparable part of social stratification system because the nature, form, range and degree of social mobility depending on the very nature of the stratification system. Stratification system means the process of placing individuals in different layers or strata. In a social mobility paper Stephen Aldridge describes social mobility as a movement or opportunities for movement between different social groups and the advantages that go with this in terms of income, security of employment, opportunities for advancement etc. (Aldridge, 2001) There are types of social mobility. Intra-generation is when there has been a change in a persons social position. A typical example will be clerical assistant who works his/her way up in an organisation. However, if a persons social position changes over a generation it is called inter-generation mobility. An example is Margaret Thatcher and many others. She became prime minister as a grocers daughter. There appears to be significant intergenerational mobility in the United States, although perhaps less than is sometimes believed. Origins significantly affect destinations. Specifically, adult sons and daughters are more likely to look like their parents in terms of occupation or income than one would predict on the basis of chance. Still, there is considerable mobility. Indeed, even when occupations or income categories are broadly defined, a majority of adult offspring occupy a different occupational or income category than their parents.(Daniel P et al 1997) Horizontal mobility is another type of social mobility where a person changes their job-related position but does not change social class. An example is where a clerical assistant moves from Wellingborough to London and becomes an administrative officer. Vertical mobility on the hand takes the stage where people change their job-related position and change their social class as well. An example of vertical mobility will be for example a street cleaner becoming a solicitor or an army officer becoming a cleaner. They have fundamentally changed their socio-economic position. There are types of vertical social mobility. If someone moves down the social ladder it becomes downward mobility. When they move up on the social ladder it becomes upward mobility. For example if an Army officer is promoted in rank it becomes an upward mobility. The magazine Business Week in 2007 wrote an article about how mobile phones in Africa are creating high standards of living and boosting upward mobility. Only a few years ago, places like Muruguru didnt even register in the plans of handset makers and service providers. What would a Kenyan farmer want with a mobile phone? Plenty, as it turns out. To the astonishment of the industry, people living on a few dollars a day have proven avid phone users, and in many parts of the world cellular airtime has become a de facto currency. The reason is simple: A mobile phone can dramatically improve living standards by saving wasted trips, providing information about crop prices, summoning medical help, and even serving as a conduit to banking services. (Business Week, 2007) Another recent example of downward mobility is in this article in the telegraph. Though she is married to a builder, the 27-year-old housewife has rickety wooden planks for walls and covers her roof with plastic sheeting to keep out the rain in Harares Hatcliffe suburb far from the neighbourhood where she used to live. Right now I dont have a housing lot, but we are paying money to local co-operatives (to save for a down payment) so we may get lots to build houses, Chama said. And she is far from alone. According to official estimates, around two million Zimbabweans in this country of 12.2 million need accommodation. (Reagan Mashavave, 2009)- Another type of social mobility is structural mobility which involves vertical mobility but its movement is brought about by a major disorder. It can also be brought on by changes in society that brings improvement to a large number of people. Typical examples will be industrialisation, expansion of education and computerisation. These changes have all brought improvement to people in the UK and around the world. People have through it acquired higher social status and found higher paid jobs than their parents. There is also individual mobility which involves people being hindered from taking opportunities because of where they were live, their colour, gender, religion, their educational background, job, wellbeing and many others. The impact of the education system on opportunities and life chances on the basis of social class is enormous and hasnt changed much since education began. It is still difficult for working class children to access grammar and good comprehensive schools as the middle class and upper class have populated areas where these schools are placed. Childrens social class is still the most significant factor in determining their exam success in state schools, the Governments head of teacher training acknowledges today. In an interview with The Independent, Graham Holley, the chief executive of the Training and Development Agency, said: The performance of a school and a child in it is highly linked to social class. If you turn the clock back on pupils in school today 15 years and predict their outcomes from where they were born, you can do it. (Garner, 2008) Working class families are tied to the low paid jobs and often live in areas where schools are failing. Jobs are hard to find in these areas and its inhabitants are usually heavily dependant on benefits. Their lives are occupied with how to manage everyday living and not on reading to their children and giving them music and language lessons. The poorest children still have little chance of becoming lawyers, doctors, senior civil servants and financiers, a report published by the Liberal Democrats today shows. The Social Mobility Commission, set up by the party, said billions of pounds spent on improving social mobility over the past decade has helped middle-class rather than working-class children. Last year only 35% of pupils eligible for free school meals obtained five or more A* to C GCSE grades, compared with 63% of pupils from wealthier backgrounds.(Shepherd J, 2009) Disadvantaged children have little chance of watching educational programmes on television nor do they have the chance of reading the broad sheets. They are simply not patronised in their households. Libraries are rarely used and mobile libraries are not highly participated in working class areas. Areas in London for instance have seen various housing developments but they are not in the reach of the low paid. Overcrowding has many implications for the already struggling families as there is often no where to do homework. After school clubs charge for their services leaving low paid families out in the cold. Therefore chances of disadvantaged children reaching high levels of achievement in school are slightly dim. Young people in manual social classes remain under-represented in higher education in Great Britain. Despite increasing from a participation rate of 11 per cent in 1991/92 to 19 per cent in 2001/02, participation remains well below that of the non-manual social classes. Participation rates for the non-manual social classes increased from 35 per cent to 50 per cent over the same period. (http://www.statistics.gov.uk) The consequences of the manual or low class remaining under-represented in higher education is unthinkable as children from these background will experience either downwardly mobile or not move on the social ladder at all as a result of them not entering higher education. Todays job market is very competitive and even those with good qualifications are finding it difficult to hold onto their jobs. It means that most all white collar jobs will be held by the middle class and upper class families. All the independent evidence shows overall standards to be rising. But the bad news is that when it comes to the link between educational achievement and social class, Britain is at the bottom of the league for industrialised countries. Today, three-quarters of young people born into the top social class get five or more good GCSEs, but the figure for those born at the bottom is less than one-third. We have one of the highest university entry rates in the developed world, but also one of the highest drop-out rates at 16.(Independent, 8 September 2003) Anthony Giddens writes in Sociology and Social Mobility that education is not necessarily a means to an end. Education would have to work with other factors to foster social mobility. Education shouldnt be seen as a panacea for all societys problems. It has a significant role to play, but we cant hold schools and Universities solely responsible for promoting social mobility. Its important not to think of the education system as if it works in a vacuum factors like changes in employment and the economy, and the social determinants of childrens educational attainment, are critical in determining patterns of mobility.(Giddens, 2007) However, education definitely has opportunities for people to progress along the social ladder by providing relevant new skills, information, courses and therefore creating opportunities in life for them. A few years back a hair dresser did not need know too much about what she/he did as a hair dresser but in today environment he/she would have to know all the science there is to cutting, dressing and managing the business. Technology and other factors have raised the standard of work so high that without continuous professional development opportunities are not stretch far. In this new labour market, the value of college degrees overall is greater than ever before. Between 1984 and 2000, employment in jobs requiring a college degree grew by 20 million in the US, accounting for two-thirds of total job growth. Over the same period, wages for college graduates increased. In contrast, high school graduates in America who did not continue with education saw their wages fall below middle class levels for the first time. As a consequence, the opportunities for Americans with terminal high school diplomas are less than a generation ago.(Social Mobility Foundation, 2008) Although a small percentage of poor families are accessing higher education there is evidence that the UK government for instance is working frantically to improve the chances of the less privileged through innovations like Every Child Matters. This innovation is to give every child the chance of accessing education and other services in the community to give them better outcomes in life. Hence the establishment of Surestart Centres which is a one stop service for early education, childcare, health and family support. This Government has invested heavily in policies designed to give all children the chance to succeed. There have already been significant improvements in educational achievement, and reductions in teenage pregnancy, re-offending and children living in low income households. Todays children and young people experience wider opportunities and benefit from rising prosperity, better health and education than those in previous generations. The implications on the work of helping agencies are many. Helping agencies like Childrens Centres pick up the brunt of any inequalities that lay in society. We bid or vie for large sums of money to run various courses and projects that underpin social mobility. In the bid of helping families read we have set up borrow a chattersack in our childrens centre. This is to encourage parents who might otherwise not access libraries or buy books for their children. The books and toys are expensive but we charge a very minimal fee for them. Often people bring to us various problems like divorce, debt and housing issues which we do our best to refer to other agencies for further assistance. We hold classes with Citizen Advice Bureau to advise people on budgets and other financial incapability. Many of our clients are lone parents or young families struggling on low incomes. They are often in debt and or have little financial knowledge. They often live on large council estates where aspirations are not that great. The recent recession has hit these areas hard and some people are experiencing downwardly mobility. This comes with various demands like counselling, retraining and financial loss. Equality of opportunity is a sine qua non for any modern society and, in Britain, is a principle supported by all mainstream political opinion. Despite this, household income remains the biggest single predictor of a childs future success, and a recent report by the Sutton Trust found that, all too frequently, young people from financially disadvantaged backgrounds end up in a cul de sac of opportunity. (Social Mobility Foundation, 2008) Below is an example of some the types of work some helping agencies do. They use government funds to bridge the gap between rich and poor by organising trips to parks, educational establishment to boost confidence and increase knowledge. Nearly 175,000 bright children on free school meals will be given a chance at the age of 11 to visit a university as part of a drive to lift the aspirations of working-class people and increase stalled social mobility in Britain. Young people in the top 20% of ability based on test results, and who are eligible for free school meals, are about half as likely to go to university as those who are not eligible for free meals. They will now be offered two chances to visit universities. (Wintour, 2007) We organise sporting activities that will encourage the less privileged to put their feet in door of expensive sporting activities. We work with other agencies to bring information and understanding to parents who in effect calve their childrens place on the social ladder. A new report by the British think-tank Demos has hit the headlines, with its claim that Parents are the principal architects of a fairer society. Based on research from the Millennium Cohort Study, the report argues that how children are parented has a more significant impact upon their future life chances than just about anything else, including poverty and the social class into which they are born. (Bristow J, 2009) Helping agencies are faced with many demands for services they can and cannot provide. At our centre for instance there is the demand for certain services like computer classes, some sort of back to work training, cooking classes but we havent got the facilities and the man power to run such courses. We are therefore forced to send clients to other childrens centres in that losing their business. If we do manage to run any of the courses that put pressure on our facilities then we have to limit the numbers which in turn causes us to run the courses several times to fit everyone in. There is also a steady demand for information on sensitive family matters like finance. Education seems to be one the important factors manipulating social mobility. In todays society, education is becoming increasingly important as it used to ascertain the jobs people will end up in. Education is also used to determine peoples social class position. The recent government for instance has introduced many initiatives. Free child care for two year olds was trialed for sometime and is going to be offered to children from disadvantaged backgrounds. Back to work incentive of  £500 and the investment into early years, FE schools and workplace training are all initiatives which research has suggested that has not boosted social mobility. In 1999 Tony Blair told the Labour Conference: If we are in politics for one thing, it is to make sure that all children are given the best chance in life. A decade on, the Government has had to admit that billions of pounds of investment in nurseries and schools and on training has failed to bridge the class divide, and that social mobility in Britain has stalled. (Bennett and Bahra 2007) As mentioned before there are many factors contributing to this fact. One such fact is the advantage that middle class families have over poorer families when it comes to education. References Web Sources Daniel P et al (1997) Intergenerational mobility in the United States [online] Available from: http://www.urban.org/publications/406796.html [Accessed 16/12/09] http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/07_39/b4051054.htm?campaign_id=rss_tech[ Accessed 27/12/09] http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/everychildmatters/about/background/background/ [Accessed 16/12/09] http://www.polity.co.uk/giddens5/news/sociology-and-social-mobility.asp#intro[Accessed [16/12/09] http://www.statistics.gov.uk/STATBASE/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=7308 [Accessed 27/12/09] Jennie Bristow (2009) There is more to human character than sharing toys [online] Available from: http://www.parentswithattitude.com/parentsforum/tag/social-mobility[19/12/09] Non Web Sources (2003), Class still counts in Britain. Independent, Monday Sept 8 Bennett and Bahra (2009), Social mobility: Labour tries to revive flagging crusade to help poor children. The Times, Wednesday Jan 14 Blanden J et al (2005), Social Mobility in Britain Low and falling, Centrepiece 2005 Mashavave R. (2009) Downwardly mobile in Zimbabwe. Telegraph, Tuesday Dec 15 Richard G (2008), Social class determines childs success. Independent, Thursday Sept 18 Shepherd J (2009), Social class still determines success. Guardian, Monday Social Mobility Foundation (2008) A national project for social mobility Stephen A (2001), Social Mobility , A discussion Paper , Performance and Innovation Unit The Sutton Trust (2008) : Social Mobility and Education. London Wintour P (2009), Social mobility drive focuses on schools. The Guardian, Wednesday Jan 14