Saturday, December 28, 2019

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) Essay - 2635 Words

Description of Dialectical Behavior Therapy Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is a comprehensive cognitive-behavioral treatment developed by Marsha M. Linehan for the treatment of complex, difficult-to-treat mental disorders. Originally, DBT was developed to treat individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD; Carson-Wong, Rizvi, Steffel, 2013; Scheel, 2000). However, DBT has evolved into a treatment for multi-disordered individuals with BPD. In addition, DBT has been adapted for the treatment of other behavioral disorders involving emotional dysregulation, for example, substance abuse, binge eating, and for settings, such as inpatient and partial hospitalization. Dimeff and Linehan (2001) described five functions†¦show more content†¦These senses of invalidation from the therapist often cause clients to withdraw from therapy, or attack the therapist. Secondly, it was extremely difficult for clinicians to teach and strengthen new skills at the same time as they are targeting and treating the clie nt’s motivation to die and suicidal behaviors that appeared in the previous week. Finally, therapist may be reinforced for iatrogenic treatment, where they reward clients for ineffective treatment strategies and punish them for effective treatment strategies. To address these difficulties, Linehan developed several modifications which formed the basis of DBT. (Dimeff Linehan, Dialectical behavior therapy in a nutshell, 2001) DBT is designed to treat clients at all levels of severity and complexity of disorders. A growing body of empirical studies has examined DBT. DBT has been the subject of the most study and is the most widely used (Carson-Wong, Rizvi, Steffel, 2013). In one study, Axelrod, et al. (2011) adapted DBT to treat pre-adolescent children who were engaging in nonsuicidal self harming behaviors. The goal of this study was to adapt DBT skills to accommodate the developmental level of younger children. The results of the study provided promising evidence for the use of DBT for children with severe suicidal and nonsuicidal behaviors. At the end of the study, there was a significant increase in adaptive coping skills and a significant decrease in depressiveShow MoreRelatedDialectical Behavior Therapy ( Dbt ) Essay1974 Words   |  8 PagesDialectical Behavior Therapy Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is an innovative and contemporary approach to treatment for clients that display behaviors associated with the diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) (Andreasson, Krogh, Wenneberg, Jessen, Krakauer, Gluud Nordentoft, 2016). DBT was created by Marsha Linehan at the University of Washington, where she studied emotionally vulnerable individuals who were diagnosed with BPD (Burke Stepp, 2012) Individuals living with BPDRead MoreClass, Dialectical Behavior Therapy ( Dbt ) Skills Group, And A Chronic Pain Group2062 Words   |  9 Pagessomething different. The three groups that I have been a part of are: Love and Logic Parenting Class, Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) Skills Group, and a Chronic Pain Group. The DBT group is the one that I have been a part the longest and will write most of my paper on. In this group there were originally three members, however, as of this week a new group member has joined. The way the DBT group is ran, is mainly a psycho-educational by helping group members understand why they react they wayRead MoreDialectical Behavior Therapy As A Treatment For Borderline Personality Disorder1482 Words   |  6 PagesDialectical Behavior Therapy as a Treatment for Borderline Personality Disorder What is Borderline Personality Disorder? Personality disorders are characterized by the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) as disorders where impulsivity is the main deficit and without treatment, it acquires new symptoms as time progresses. The four core features that are prevalent in all personality disorders include dysfunctional thinkingRead MoreLiving With Borderline Personality Disorder Essay1131 Words   |  5 Pageswhat is borderline personality disorder? Borderline personality disorder is a serious mental disorder marked by a pattern of ongoing instability in moods, behavior, self-image and functioning (Borderline Personality Disorder, 2016). I wanted to know what symptoms of BPD are and Patient A stated, â€Å"symptoms of BPD are impulsive actions or behaviors, really unhealthy relationships, it’s all or nothing, there can be no in the middle with relationships, feeling alone or isolated, feeling empty, always beingRead More Dialectical Behavior Therapy And Mindfulness Essay1353 Words   |  6 PagesDialectical Behavior Therapy Mindfulness Mindfulness is another way of meditation. Meditation was used to seek to improve one’s psychological or physical health, or spiritual growth. (Brantley, 2007). The history of Mindfulness comes from Buddhism and his search for enlightenment and a foundation of the four noble truths. The Buddha teaching focus on the four noble truths which consist of knowing suffering exists, there is a cause of suffering, there is cessation of suffering and there is a pathRead MoreMy Emerging Behavioral Therapy Theory1711 Words   |  7 PagesMy emerging theory employed aspects of therapy from the humanism, existentialism, dialectical behavior, and when necessary exposure therapy. These theories have represented me as a person. As I have presented them here, they through the lens of each other, they work to form one integrative approach. As Rogerian humanism has laid the foundation for ways of being, this theory also incorporated Dr. Marsha Linehan’s structure of dialectical behaviora l therapy’s and goals expressed by Yalom in existentialismRead MoreDialectical Behavior Therapy Is A Second Wave Therapy1065 Words   |  5 PagesDialectical Behavior Therapy is a Third Wave Therapy created by Marsha Linehan in the 1970’s. It comes from a Cognitive Behavioral perspective. In High School she wanted to become a psychiatrist and work with the most mentally disturbed patients. She realized, however, that there weren’t a lot of effective treatments for these patients. She then decided to earn a PhD in experiential personality psychology (Prochaska Norcross 2014 p. ). Linehan wanted to work with the most difficult patients,Read More1.Provide A Brief Overview Of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy1462 Words   |  6 Pages1. Provide a brief overview of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Your definition should include key concepts/assumptions of CBT as well as the therapeutic process (e.g., structure, therapist role, client role). Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a mixture of both Cognitive Therapy (CT), which deals with a person’s thoughts and Behavioral Therapy (BT), which concentrates on an individual’s overt or outside personality. According to Barbara P. Early and Melissa D. Grady, CT specializes in theRead MoreDialectical Behavior Therapy 833 Words   |  4 PagesDescription of Dialectical Behavior Therapy Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is a comprehensive cognitive-behavioral treatment developed by Marsha M. Linehan for the treatment of complex, difficult-to-treat mental disorders. Originally, DBT was developed to treat individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD; Carson-Wong, Rizvi, Steffel, 2013; Scheel, 2000). However, DBT has evolved into a treatment for multi-disordered individuals with BPD. In addition, DBT has been adaptedRead MoreSuicidal Adolescents863 Words   |  4 Pagesof Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT). The first article was a 2010 article titled, â€Å"Dialectical Behavior Therapy in Adolescents for Suicide Prevention: Systematic Review of Clinical-Effectiveness.† The second article was published in 2011, titled â€Å"Dialectical Behavioral Therapy for Adolescents (DBT-A): A Clinical Trial for Patients with Suicidal and Self-injurious Behavior and Borderline Symptoms with a One-year Follow-up.† Third was a 2014 article t itled â€Å"Dialectical Behavior Therapy for

Friday, December 20, 2019

Journalism and the American Renaissance Essay - 1721 Words

Journalism and the American Renaissance The period in American Literature known as the American Renaissance was a time of great change in our country. It was an age of westward expansion and social conflict. Americans were divided on such volatile issues as slavery, reform and sectionalism that ultimately led to the Civil War. Emerging from this cauldron of change came the voice of a new nation - a nation with views and ideals all its own. The social, economic, technological and demographic revolution that was taking place at this time set the stage for a new era of writers. The voice of the nation found a home, first, on the pages of the newspaper. It was there that the hopes, fears and political views of Americans were†¦show more content†¦The early newspapers were very limited in their scope. A typical newspaper was four pages long, sold only by subscription, and aimed at a small, almost exclusively male audience, mainly interested in business and politics. The chief purpose of the newspaper, at this time in hi story, was to supply financial and mercantile information to businessmen and to promote the viewpoint of a political party. The news pages were filled with articles dealing with national, state and local governments along with editorials and news reprinted from other newspapers. Journalism had very little in common with the popular literature of this era à ¶ poetry, romances and fiction à ¶ in both form and subject matter (Robertson 2, 3). However, the emergence of the penny press in the 1830à ¢s redefined the role of the news and established a strong connection between journalism and popular literature. The penny papers were no longer sold to a select group of subscribers, they were sold in the street for one cent - to the working class American - both men and women. The press broadened its attention beyond business and politics by including human-interest stories that depicted everyday life in America (Robertson 4). The popularity and influence of this uniquely American style of newspaper was unparalleled. The right to freedom of the press made it possible for journalists to print stories that would have been censored in a more repressive time (Reynolds 169).Show MoreRelatedNewspaper And Other Traditional Sources Of Journalism1379 Words   |  6 Pagessources of journalism are becoming less and less able to financially sustain themselves. Given that a free press is widely considered essential to democracy, many groups are deeply concerned about this trend.† Traditional Journalism against New Modern Journalism Journalism is one of the most important part of mass communication around the world in this modern era. The era in which people connected with internet and technology is playing vital role in every human being. According to American Press InstituteRead MoreProgressivism, The And, And The Stock Market Crash1428 Words   |  6 Pagesabout when people began to see poverty become more popular throughout the country, and many blamed the government. Americans believed the solution was to have the government fixed before it could fix other problems. Muckrakers were the first people to articulate progressive ideas by uncovering corruption, targeting government and social problems, and raising awareness through journalism and literature. Herbert Spencer was one man who tested the idea of natural selection through his book, On the OriginRead MoreWhy Jackie Robinson Was The First Pro Ball Player844 Words   |  4 Pagesdeemed acceptable for them to be allowed to play. Working class women sta rted to compete professionally in rowing competitions; they played crocket and played lawn tennis. The American pastime of baseball was well on its way and all though baseball had a huge racial division as to who could play mainly African Americans not being accepted, but they developed their own league and contrary to the belief that Jackie Robinson was the first pro ball player there was another before him by the name ofRead MoreRise Of The Gaming Industry2188 Words   |  9 PagesDylan Miller Eng 101 50630 June 7,2015 Rise of the Gaming Industry Video game consoles are found in the family room of every American household and yet nobody has given a thought about what the gaming industry has gone through to get to where it is today. The game industry has a history going back for over fifty years. America had a major video game crash during the year 1983 leading to Japan becoming the biggest force in the industry with the Nintendo Entertainment System. Sony and MicrosoftRead More The History of Public Relations Essay1063 Words   |  5 Pagesthe invention of writing, public relations was formed. Leaders of ancient civilizations used writings to promote their superiority in war and politics. Public interest became a huge priority for everyone. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Renaissance and Reformation founded the modern world and the first stages of public relations that is attributed to public and private organizations today and several articles of history. The Magna Carta, which influenced the U.S. Constitution, for exampleRead More10 Days That Unexpectedly Changed America Research Paper2482 Words   |  10 PagesThe ten dates that were selected by the History Channel while consulting a group of distinguished historians each triggered a series of events that shaped and molded America. Though they all have an enormous impact on American history, culture, and legacy many other dates not mentioned also produced extreme changes throughout America’s history. January 24, 1848: Gold Rush: Eliminated The California gold rush drastically changed America in numerous ways. It facilitated economic growth and prosperityRead MoreSummary Of The Iconoclast s Black No More 1718 Words   |  7 Pagesworking hard for whatever he wanted to achieve (Rac(e)ing to the Right, xv). In conjunction with what Schuyler learned from his grandmother, who was self-confident and determined to stand up for herself, Schuyler looked down his nose at African Americans who struggled under the load of racism, Oscar Renal Williams wrote in Portrait of a Black Conservative (3). In Racing to the Right, Schuyler is quoted as saying that he knew he was a Negro, but it was not an impediment to him (xvi). In Schuyler’sRead More Langston Hughes - A Literary Genius Essay2076 Words   |  9 Pagesfigures in the world of Harlem, has come to be an African American poet as well as a legend of a variety of fields such as music, childrens literature and journalism. Through his poetry, plays, short stories, novels, autobiographies, childrens books, newspaper columns, Negro histories, edited anthologies, and other works, Hughes is considered a voice of the African-American people and a prime example of the magnificence of the Harlem Renaissance who promoted equality, condemned racism and injusticeRead MoreCapital Of The Abbasid Caliphate Essay1951 Words   |  8 Pagesnot accept the Sunni control of the city. While talking about maps and art created at this time, Patricia Yaeger of the Modern Language Association writes, â€Å"Nasuh sketched these city plans while on the move and created his colorful miniatures in Renaissance Istanbul- a city flourishing in the midst of empire and high art. In contrast, Ottoman Baghdad remained on the outskirts of Siileyman s territories, a city almost without domiciles in Nasuh’s imagination.† (11). This quote paints the picture ofRead MoreBrief Survey of American Literature3339 Words   |  14 PagesBrief Survey of American Literature 1. Beginnings to 1700 Great mixing of peoples from the whole Atlantic basin Bloody conflicts between Native Americans (or American Indians) and European explorers and settlers who had both religious and territorial aspirations - Native American oral literature / oral tradition - European explorers’ letters, diaries, reports, etc., such as Christopher Columbus’s letters about his voyage to the â€Å"New world†. - Anglo (New England) settlers’ books, sermons

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Hypothetico-Deduction Method free essay sample

Also, scientific research is a rigorous process where it compels researchers to carry out a clear and complete investigation by following precise steps or instructions that would aid them in accomplishing their purpose. Once the needed data or theories are determined and collected a hypothesis is proposed. Scientific research makes it possible for a hypothesis to be tested, analyzed, examined and be proven correct or incorrect. In this way researchers can assess the data and theories consistency and reliability. Conclusions in a research may be verified more than once. Other types of test may be conducted and if the results were based on factual data and well researched theories then the end result will remain the same; however, more credible this time around. Scientific research makes it possible for a hypothesis to be supported by different types of test or investigations. A research may be more scientific and useful when the data gathered and conclusions made are precise which then makes the researcher more confident about it. We will write a custom essay sample on Hypothetico-Deduction Method or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Accuracy is important in research because it illustrates the close-to-perfect or how exact the findings are based on samples. The closer it is to perfection means would give the researcher and the readers the assurance that the scientific research is factual and correct. Research is done in order to find solutions to a problem. To make a research scientific the data gathered, theories and hypothesis made must be based on facts and must be argued upon and proven correct. A researcher must not use his subjective opinion in making a decision because then he has already made a solution to the problem without even testing it, making research nonsense. The more factual the interpretation of the data is, the more scientific the research becomes. Scientific research and its results become general when it can be related and used by other organizations or industry. This may not be true in other cases but for as long as the research is designed in a way that it can also contribute to others then it becomes generalizable. Last but not the least; a scientific research is best completed with the use of fewer variables which can easily explain and solve the problem that using numerous variables which will just make it more puzzling and unsolved. Bibliography: Cooper, D. and P. Schindler. (2008). Business Research Methods, 10th edition. McGraw-Hill

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

agriculture Essay Example For Students

agriculture Essay Growing up Around agriculture Essay I believe everyone has been born to do something. I was born to be a veterinarian. People tell me that I will probably end up changing my degree choice twenty seven times before I even graduate form college. I believe otherwise. I have grown up on a farm with filled with adopted animals of all kinds- rabbits, pigeons, goats, frogs, dogs, chickens, cats, cattle, and an iguana. Ever since I was seven I new I was born to become a veterinarian. This past year I was hired to work at the veterinarian clinic in Bullard. Within one month I got to help de-claw a cat and watch many surgeries. I learned how to medicate animals without getting bit, give hydrotherapy, and many other things. My title was kennel attendant and I still tried to help and learn up front, in surgery, when I finished the kennel. I always watched for depressed animals especially the ones that went though surgery, because sometimes with out the tender care they needed they would not eat and lose weight. Thus, this transformation ensured a supply of food and ended the need to roam about for food. This development was an important change in the structure of society, also a step in building a prestigious reputation as being a leader in agriculture. It gave United States a sense of organization and strength which indeed helped in its development. Simply put, agriculture means raising things on purpose, and the American Indians were the first farmers in the Western Hemisphere, said by R. Douglas Hurt in the article Mesoamerican Origins. The American Indians (Mesoamericans) agriculture became more complex. They learned how to grow crops such as tomatoes, beans, and a wide variety of plants. They also learned other techniques such as clearing land and also irrigation. Because of their success, other Mesoamericans began to settle and also adopted their fellow Mesoamerican farming techniques. Agriculture became more and more popular and important that the white settlers also began to farm. Over time, as farming became more popular, the United States thrived on agriculture. It became an important issue especially to Thomas Jefferson. He was a key person in leading the agricultural development of the United States. Thomas Jefferson believed in agrarianism and thought highly of farmers. An agriculture leader should understand why agriculture is important and how to improve and also maintain a good status agriculturally. And Thomas Jefferson held all these qualities. He did what was best for the farmers as well as others in the United States. And by him being a great leader agriculturally, many others in the government kept his ideas in mind. That is what made this country strong, we develop from our past and in effect our country has grown stronger. For example, In 1970- a farmer could provide enough for 2 people In 1935- a farmer could provide enough for 10 people In 1992- a farmer could provide enough for 127 people In 1998- a farmer could provide enough for over 130 people This shows a growth in efficiency. But now only 2% of the population in the United States are farmers, meaning that only 2% of our population produces for the whole nation. Although this percentage is extremely low, it displays that we are agriculturally strong. Even other countries of the world depend on our agriculture. United States exports about 40% of what we produce. United states has grown from a society of hunter-gatherer to a society of agriculture. United States has improved in agriculture over time and has made it become stronger and in turn a leader. In conclusion, United States is the world leader in agriculture due to the people, the land, leadership, development and strength, United States has the ability maintain all qualities and also improve. CITATIONS: The Agricultural Transformation- Dan Hillel Mesoamerican Origins R. Douglas Hurt Development of Agriculture in the United States outline- provided by AG 101 Mythology Essays .

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Muhammad Ibn Musa al

Muhammed Ibn Musa al Khwarizmi was a renowned mathematician, astronomer and geographer, who lived during the Abbasid Empire. He is known as the father of algebra.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Muhammad Ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some historians believe, he was born in Chorasmia in the year 780 AD (Moore Mertens, 2011), and died in 850 AD. Others think that he was born in Qutrubbul, near Baghdad (Morony, 2006). He flourished as a great scholar in the ‘House of Wisdom’ in Bagdad, under the rule of Kalif al-Mamun. Bagdad brightened the world at that time with its brilliance, and the intellectual dominance of the Arab civilization influenced the Western Europe to a great extent (Riesler, 1995). Al Khwarizmi’s algebra reflected Arab’s superior civilization, and his new ideas and thoughts propelled Arab wisdom. His contributions to astronomy, geography, and mat hematics were unparalleled, and they became the landmarks in human history. Al Khwarizmi’s arithmetic defined the Indian numeration, and acquainted Europe with the Arabic numbers. The Western Europe became aware of the Arab numbering system, decimal points and numbers from his books. Al Khwarizmi used the word â€Å"Kasra† to clarify the fractions. His arithmetic work, Algorimus, was a Latin version of his previous work, and the word algorithm was derived from it. Another book written by him on astronomy dealt with calendars, zodiac positions, sine tables and tangents and calculation of eclipses. The Zij al-Sindhind is also a great work by him on astronomy.Advertising Looking for report on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Al-Khwarizmi’s book titled Surat al-Ard is based on Ptolemy’s geographical findings. He prepared a new world map, which became the milestone in geography at that time. In addition, he reconstructed the sundials, the shadow square and the alidade for making angular observations. Thus, he spread new ideas and knowledge in the world, which exemplified the Arab civilization. It is through him that the entire Europe and other countries came to know about the Indian numerals, Arabic algebra and mathematics, without which the present day civilization and science would not have accomplished progress. Reference List Moore, C., Mertens, S. (2011). The Nature of Computation. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Morony, M. G. (2006). Iraq After the Muslim Conquest, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press. Riesler, J. C. (1955). La Civilization Arabe (Arab Civilization). Paris, France: Payot. This report on Muhammad Ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi was written and submitted by user Galilea L. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

We Are Our Mothers Daughters Essays - Cokie Roberts, Free Essays

We Are Our Mothers Daughters' Essays - Cokie Roberts, Free Essays We Are Our Mothers Daughters' Book Review We Are Our Mothers Daughters News correspondent Cokie Roberts, author of a meaningful book titled We are Our Mothers Daughters, published in 1998, call number 001-170, discusses significant issues facing women today in her book. She takes her readers on a personal and political journey, exploring the diverse roles women have played throughout American history and the connections and distinctions among different generations of women. On a personal level, each essay is an introduction to several of the fascination women Roberts has encountered during the course of her reporting career; she also relates powerful and moving life stories about the women in her life, like her mother former Congresswoman Lindy Boggs. Roberts style is unique. Roberts takes you through intimate stories of extraordinary women; these women become the beginning for more extensive discussions of womens position in politics, business, motherhood, and marriage, as well as other issues. Roberts examines the nature of womens roles, from mother to mechanic, sister to soldier, from her personal experience. Roberts is very sincere to her feelings in her writing in this book. I felt just as she was happy or sad. She begins her writing with the intense story of her sister, whom dies from cancer at a young age. The story of her mothers life as a politician next. Roberts also, wrote about an aunt of hers, a soldier, mechanic, friend, reporter, civil rights activist, wife, and an enterpriser. She concludes her book by her last chapter titled A Womens Place. She discusses all the important roles of the women she wrote about and how they tie together. A womens place is everywhere and anywhere in todays world. She worked her writing by writing about the women that were close to her and extended from there to other fascinating women she encountered in her career. Roberts dedicated a chapter to each women she wrote about. This book from my view is sensitive, strait forward, and perceptive. It also shows such a diversity of choices and perspectives available to women today and greatly affirms the bond of females powerful inter connection among all women, whatever their background. I would suggest anyone interested in where a women belong and the history of women should read this selection. Its just one of those bookes, where from start to end you might cry or laugh. I garuntee when you begin to read, you will not want to stop till you have read the entire book.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Strategic Information System Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Strategic Information System - Research Paper Example However, a good number of organizations continue to face great challenges in their attempts to integrate information technologies and in their efforts to improve on decision making and sharing of information. These challenges can be attributed to the fact that in the event of the design and implementation of the system, most companies lay more emphasis on the role and function of information system and less attention to the company’s structure and processes of the firm. It is worth noting that a greater percentage of information system failures arise not because of technology but because less concentration is paid on organizational aspects such as practises and processes. This paper seeks to review information theories and their significant role in understanding information systems in management of organisations. It will further seek a deeper understanding of laws governing information systems with particular attention to enforcement and use of the information systems in the U nited Kingdom. Finally, a reassessment on information system control will be conducted. To undertake this study, it is important to review various information theories. ... ciples and practices of a management in the daily activities of a business firm with a desire and passion to achieve set goals and with a mission to minimize expenses while maximizing returns and make huge returns for the company. â€Å"Business management theory entails the use of resources such as human labour financial technology and natural resources† (Hunter 2009). It is important to note that proper allocation of resources is vital in order to achieve utmost productivity for the business. Business management theory involves the analysis and evaluation of the business activities by the managerial authority with an objective of making an effective decision that will help contribute to the progress of the business. Decision making involves scheduling, organizing, setting course and controlling. The skills play a major role in the development and progress of a business. All these skills helps in the management and formulating new strategies that helps to achieve better goals together in addition to evaluation of performance to a set objective and supervision and control of resources such as workers in order to accomplish the business aim. Socio-technical systems theory â€Å"Social-technical systems theory views an organization as having a duty to perform a task whose objectives can best be achieved if the social, fiscal and technical aspects are mutually optimized† (porter 1998). Under this approach seven concepts are linked. Organizations should be viewed as co-dependent socio-technical structure. The theory utilizes interactive technical and social aspects; this implies that in drafting the structure of an organization both the technical and social aspects must be put into consideration. It is vital to note that where technology alone is put under consideration