International marketing Essay

International marketing Essay International marketing Essay Abstract What is Developing Country, it will be good to give you an idea in what it is: A country having a standard of living or level of industrial production well below that possible with financial or technical aid; a country that is not yet highly industrialized. It is a poor country that is trying to develop its resources by industrialization. Imports and Exports are two opposite methods of international trading. An Import is described in trade as being ‘a service or goods brought into a country from abroad for sale or trade’. An Export is described as being ‘a service or goods produced in one country that are sent to another for sale or trade’. Kenya is located in Africa, on the East; just below the "horn" that is Somalia. It's bordered by the Indian Ocean on the South East, Tanzania on the South, Uganda on the West, Sudan on the North West, Ethiopia on the North and Somalia on the North East. In Kenya is the second highest mountain in Africa after the Kilimanjaro. The product that I choose to market in Kenya is the cotton, Kenya has the most labor for textile factory, and they import 30,000 containers of clothes annually, so I think will be a good product to market, because that is the most income that Kenya have, beside the labor are not to expenses and that will help their own business man in Kenya. Kenya is sovereign republic. At independence the government was modeled around the U.S Presidency and British Legislature but later, other amendments were introduced to the structure and nature of the government. With the new constitution the Kenya government structure will change fundamentally. Kenya will adopt a fully presidential system of government, with county government, county assemblies, governors and senators. The Executive and the Legislature will be delinked, unlike in the past where Cabinet ministers were drawn from Parliament. In Kenya, the powers of government are traditionally divided into three main organs the Executive, the Legislature and the Judiciary. The separation of powers here makes the judiciary more independent however, the legislature, which makes the laws, contains members of the executive (President and the Cabinet Ministers) who are responsible for carrying out the laws. The Kenya Revenue Authority was established in 1995 by an Act of Parliament, under Cap 469 of the Laws of Kenya. The Authority has the responsibility of assessing, collecting and accounting for the taxes. It collects revenue and administers the revenue Acts for the purpose of facilitating trade. The Authority collects four main taxes: Customs and Excise, Income Tax, Value Added Tax (VAT) and motor vehicle road licenses and driving licenses. It may collect any other tax assigned it by the government. The Authority is headed by a Commissioner General. There is a board of directors headed by a chairman. There are three Revenue Commissioners, the Register of Motor Vehicles and heads of various service departments. The KRA has introduced remarkable efficiency and professionalism in tax administration and operations. In the period of about eight years it has been in existence, its impact is clearly felt in the society. The headquarters, revenue and support departments are all housed at Times Tower building in Nairobi. Taxes collected in Kenya are: 1. Import duty 2. Excise duty 3. Income Tax 4. Value Added Tax (VAT) 5. Registration and transfer fee of motor vehicles and road and driving licenses. Other government revenues collected by the authority on agency basis include: 1. Petroleum Development Fund 2. Import Declaration and Fund (IDF) 3. Foreign Motor Vehicle Inspection Fee 4. Road Maintenance Levy 5. Road Transit Toll Levy 6. Aviation Revenue 7. Revenue Stamps 8. Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS) Levy 9. Widows, Children and Parliamentary Pension Fund, Betting Tax 10. Gaming (casino) Tax. Income Tax in Kenya income tax is almost as old as the customs duty in Kenya. Both taxes were International Marketing Essay International Marketing Essay I- INTRODUCTION: This report will help us understand four main different points between the Saudi Arabia and New Zealanders in term of culture. They have the differences between gender, and social position attitude. Each country still have different opinion about working together and do it yourself. Moreover, the upgrading their social position is hard in Saudi Arabia. The final point in the first cultural difference part will mention about the vital element that make them become unique compare with others. There is religion. And the final part of this report, some recommendation about how Australian firms should do advertising effectively in Saudi Arabia will be make. II- CULTURAL DIFFERENCES: Generally, Saudi Arabia and New Zealand can be represented for two big cultural clusters. The former can be seen as Arab culture, and over millions of people in this culture are influenced by religion, especially Islam. The latter represents for the Anglo culture that we often call Western culture in general. Therefore, they have many significant differences in their religion, decision making style, organizational structure, norms as well as special rituals. Thus, using some studies of Hofstede and Trompenaars will help to measure the cultural differences on a global basis. 2.1 Power distance: The power distance shows the degree to which the level of acceptance by a society of the unequal distribution of powering in institution. According to the chart on an Appendix A, the Saudi Arabia (95) is higher than New Zealand (22) considerably in term of Power Distance dimension. It points out that there is a gap in gender as well as the social position in this country. The men have more power for making decision in the family. The women in this culture have â€Å"no voice†, and they must follow the men’s command. In business, the organizational structure is centralized. The leaders are often man, and there is unfair in working between men and women. That is a reason why the business environment in Saudi Arabia is stressful, and the law system is extremely strict. For example, if a Saudi Arabian woman hug, shake hand or greet with the person who do not know. They will be treated by the Islamic laws. However, the men have a right to shakes hands or kiss on each cheer o f their friends as greeting. By contrast, New Zealanders consider as friendly people. They are easy to say â€Å"hello† to strangers and willing to assist someone without being asking. Moreover, they have a free thought in greeting, and gender as well. That culture make New Zealand organizational structure is low hierarchy, and the employees feel free when they give their comment or ideas with their boss. Gender is no matter in working environment. They depend on their achievement, knowledge, or talent to step up to the higher position regardless who they are, and what is their gender. As the impact of culture, the law systems is fair, and the government of the country is follow the democracy. As the evidence, New Zealand has â€Å"the case law† that depends on each situation; the court will have different verdict after deeply investigation. Otherwise, the law system of Saudi Arabia is based on the â€Å"Koran book† and Prophet Muhammad, so the breaking law will lead the offender to be punis hed by the severe rule without considering for individual circumstance. 2.2 Individualism and collectivism: This cultural dimension refers the degree to which a people in a society follow the individualism, or collectivism (Deresky, 2011, p.112). According to the chart in Appendix, the New Zealand has higher score in this dimension. Therefore, New Zealand pay more attention to the self-reliance, and â€Å"can do attitude†. It is one of the most remarkable points in New Zealand culture. In reality, New Zealander try to develop their children by let them free to discover the world around them. So, New Zealander is quite active, and creative in studying, and working as well. As regards the society, an

Any thing as long it has something to do with the study of Essay

Any thing as long it has something to do with the study of environmental hazards - Essay Example Various researches have indicated that the Amazon forest is shrinking. This is a serious environmental hazard as depletion of the Amazons leads to serious environmental outcomes. These outcomes have been detailed by Philip Fiernside in his article on Environmental Change and Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. Another article by Laurance, W.F and his fellow researchers published in Science Journal titled ‘The Future of the Brazilian Amazon’ discusses the same issue. These articles are critically analyzed in this paper. These articles is further compared and contrasted in this essay. The article on ‘Environmental Change and Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon’ addresses the implications of Amazon rain forests depletion. This paper provided explicit information on the consequences of the rainforest depletion. This however does not provide additional information on available knowledge in the researched subject. For instance Dickinson (1981) has studied and documented he effects of tropical deforestation on climate. However, this paper was generic in comparison with Fearrside’s paper. The observations which were generically made by other researchers were specifically applied in the case of Amazon forests by Fearrside. Thus the findings of the paper are the reiteration of other researches done on the subject. The article is a paper presented at the Symposium on Change in the Amazon Basin, 44th International Congress of Americanists at Manchester (Fearnside, 1985). The article introduces data suggesting depletion of the Amazons. The paper in its introduction has referred to various other researches which have estimated the shrinkage of the rainforest. It also briefly discusses the causes of deforestation. Further, the paper explains the soil degradation concerns associated with deforestation. Leaching and Fixation of Nutrients, Soil Compaction and Clay Migration, Erosion, Laterization, Aerosol and Nutrient Supply are the concerns which are identified by the paper with regard to soil degradation (Fearnside, 1985). The research has also dealt with the production systems which are associated with the Amazons and the impact of deforestation over these also has been discussed. Agriculture, Fisheries and Forest Production in connection with the Amazons will be seriously affected (Fearnside, 1985). The macro ecological concerns posed by forest depletion have been also included in the paper. Similar studies has been conducted by Gomez-Pompa (1972) The most distinguishable feature of the paper on Environmental Change and Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon is that while covering the impact of deforestation, it has covered a wide range of concerns. The paper is thus interdisciplinary in nature. It has covered the direct environmental issues using quantitative data from other researches. More indirect impacts like the concerns over production systems have been dealt both quantitatively and qualitatively. The coverag e of Macro-ecological concerns gives more depth to the research. Issues like that of the indigenous people also have been dealt in the paper. This sociological approach makes the paper interdisciplinary and wider in its approach. This approach of the paper fills the gap that earlier researches have left with. Most of the studies prior to this study focused on evidences for ecological damages that deforestation causes. However, the fact that the adverse impacts on

Natures deadliest animals in brazil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Natures deadliest animals in brazil - Essay Example ul research shows, however, that nature’s deadliest animals in Brazil are much more dangerous to other animals in their habitat, than to human beings. One of the creatures that is the most deadly in Brazil is a relatively common fish called the piranha. It is usually quite small, between 15 cm and 26 cm in length and it is very plentiful in the Amazon region. (St Louis and Chandler, p. 111) Its normal behavior is to scavenge for food from dead fish, plants and insects in the river and so it plays a useful role in cleaning up the environment. People very rarely are attacked by piranha but when a large mammal is attacked, it can be extremely shocking, since the piranha come in great numbers and nibble at the body. The reputation of this fish is actually much worse than its real nature, because it usually avoids human beings and concentrates on smaller prey. Only one particular situation can be very dangerous for humans, and that occurs when the river is low. Piranhas can get trapped in tributaries or lakes that get cut off from the main river. This means that their food supply disappears and in that case they will attack almost anyt hing because they are desperate for food. It is noted that â€Å"confirmed accounts of human fatalities caused by piranhas are extremely few, but plenty of Amazonian river folks have scars or missing fingers to testify just how sharp and vicious those little triangular teeth can be.† (St Louis and Chandler, p. 104) Many people are afraid of another small creature, which is technically an insect rather than an animal, namely the spider. In Brazil there are several species of the biggest spiders of all: tarantulas. These include the Brazilian yellowbanded, the Brazilian salmon, the Brazilian black and the Brazilian graysmoke, as well as many others which are common across the South American continent (Tarantula facts website). The way that tarantulas capture and kill their prey is quite disgusting from a human point of view, but

Working Capital Simulation Essay Example for Free

Working Capital Simulation Essay SELECTION CRITERIA: In selecting what option to select the team came up with the following criteria: 1.) Selected option should lead to a reduction in working capital requirement and reduce short term debt in the process. 2.) Selected option should reduce the Cash Conversion Cycle. 3.) Selected option should free up locked capital in receivables and inventories. 4.) Selected option should lead to a zero working capital policy in the long run. SELECTED OPTIONS: We decided to tighten accounts receivable and drop poorly selling products because they yielded a percentage decrease in working capital requirement larger than their percentage drop in sales. Also these 2 options fit all the selection criteria we stated above. FINANCIAL RESULTS AND LEARNINGS: The options we chose led to a 44% drop in working capital requirement, drop from 159 days to 128 days in the cash conversion cycle and a 87% drop in debt. Overall we met our expectations of reducing working capital requirement and freeing up additional capital. EBIT has dropped immediately but by 2015 net income was higher by $8,000 despite the drop in $255,000 drop in EBIT in 2013. This surprised the team as we did not expect that in the long run by improving the working capital requirements of the company we reduced costs and increase net income resulting to a total created value of $691,000 for the firm. Despite the immediate decrease in sales in 2013, the overall financial position of the company is better in the long run, and moreover we have a remaining credit limit of approximately $2.8 million which is almost equal to the initial amount of credit borrowed in 2012. PHASE 2: SELECTION CRITERIA: From the learning’s and outcome of phase 1 the following selection criteria was used: 1.) Selected option should yield a percentage increase in sales  with a small percentage increase in working capital requirement. 2.) Selected option should not contribute to a significant degree in debt. SELECTED OPTIONS: Based on our analysis we felt that options 1 and 2 fit the criteria we set for selection best. Combined they show a significant increase in EBIT with a lower increase in WCR. Although we foresee a significant increase in WCR we feel that the credit line we have and the amount of capital we freed from phase would be sufficient to reduce the impact of the additional WCR. FINANCIAL RESULTS AND LEARNINGS: Our choices led to a constant increase in net income over the three years. Short term debt increase by approximately 100% percent but steadily reduced over the next three years. We were happy with the positive growth of the company and the fact that we were able to pay off most of the initial short term funding required by the increase in working capital requirement. Overall the current situation of the company in 2018 is good, although the total value created is less than 20% of that created in phase 1. From this we learned that the value of the firm can be significantly increased more through a reduction in working capital requirement than through increasing the firm’s sales and net income. PHASE 3: SELECTION CRITERIA: For this phase we decided to continue with the selection criteria from phase 1, and continue to try to increase sales with the minimum working capital requirement. We also decided to minimize risk and not go with options that have, however small, a chance of creating net losses for the company. SELECTION OPTIONS: Based on our analysis we felt that renegotiation of supplier credit terms would have a significant reduction to costs, given that most of the other suppliers would also agree to the new terms. Even though the company would need additional working capital we felt that the benefits outweigh the additional funding needed. And given the current credit line utilization and  increased profitability of the company we thought that this was a sound option to take. We also took the global expansion strategy because from a strategic management point of view it seemed like the next step to take in order to increase the company’s profitability in the long run. We again felt that we have sufficient credit and capital to venture into this expansion. FINANCIAL RESULTS AND LEARNINGS: There was a significant increase in net income but marginal increases in the succeeding 3 years. The most significant impact was in the short term debt wherein projected short term debt in 2021 would be zero, which made us very happy. This means that the company is nearing our goal of having a zero working capital requirement. This zero short term debt would also mean increased profits, and would improve our outstanding relation with the bank. Our final firm value is $4,259,000 which is significantly higher than it was in 2012. Overall we felt that we made the right decisions and our selection criteria were spot on. Value is not only generated in sales, but also in working capital requirement. And through this exercise we also confirmed that firms with efficient working capital requirement would be the most competitive in the market.

Management Information :: essays research papers fc

Planning for Management Information System Planning for Management Information System The biggest challenge and most critical success factor in reengineering projects are persuading the people within the organization to cooperate. When you begin to computerize a legacy system considers the advantages; reduced clerical cost, quicker processing time and improved customer service. Everyone knows that the computer capabilities alone make life a lot easier for all managers. The advantage of time and accuracy spread over the lifespan of the information system means improved long-term vision and focus for top, middle and lower managers. A management information system (MIS) focus is on information that management needs to prepare its job. This task becomes much more difficult when the major players have a tradition of high independence, are often confrontational to management, and are irreplaceable independent contractors. CIO's in major business organizations face exactly this situation; further complicated by the fact that the reengineering effort is crucial to the continued existence of the organization. Such discussion has driven the software industry to focus attention on software specifically designed to support the team approach essential to most service and customer oriented organizations. The importance of teamwork can not be over emphasize in achieving overall organizational goals, and the need to capture and manage an organization's knowledge base remain crucial. This teamwork enables the organization to achieve and sustain competitive advantage in their business. In considering the framework for an information system (IS) each level operational, tactical and strategic planning requires different IS. At the operational planning system, the IS collect, validate and record transactional data relating to acquisition or disbursement of resources. The data for account receivable and payables, payrolls, inventory level, shipping data, printed invoice and cash receipts recorded as they occur. The operational-level IS characteristic are repetitive, predictable, emphasizes the past and detailed in nature just to name a few. The focus of the operational system is the daily tasks performed at the user level. The operational level manager uses this data to check every day tasks, i.e. ordering, shipping, inventory control, the essence of the business processes. The second level in the framework is the tactical system. This system provide middle-level managers with information to monitor and control operation while allocating their resources efficiently. The data is summarized, aggregated, or analyzed with a wide range of reports, i.e., summary, exception and ah hoc reports. The tactical information system differs from Management Information :: essays research papers fc Planning for Management Information System Planning for Management Information System The biggest challenge and most critical success factor in reengineering projects are persuading the people within the organization to cooperate. When you begin to computerize a legacy system considers the advantages; reduced clerical cost, quicker processing time and improved customer service. Everyone knows that the computer capabilities alone make life a lot easier for all managers. The advantage of time and accuracy spread over the lifespan of the information system means improved long-term vision and focus for top, middle and lower managers. A management information system (MIS) focus is on information that management needs to prepare its job. This task becomes much more difficult when the major players have a tradition of high independence, are often confrontational to management, and are irreplaceable independent contractors. CIO's in major business organizations face exactly this situation; further complicated by the fact that the reengineering effort is crucial to the continued existence of the organization. Such discussion has driven the software industry to focus attention on software specifically designed to support the team approach essential to most service and customer oriented organizations. The importance of teamwork can not be over emphasize in achieving overall organizational goals, and the need to capture and manage an organization's knowledge base remain crucial. This teamwork enables the organization to achieve and sustain competitive advantage in their business. In considering the framework for an information system (IS) each level operational, tactical and strategic planning requires different IS. At the operational planning system, the IS collect, validate and record transactional data relating to acquisition or disbursement of resources. The data for account receivable and payables, payrolls, inventory level, shipping data, printed invoice and cash receipts recorded as they occur. The operational-level IS characteristic are repetitive, predictable, emphasizes the past and detailed in nature just to name a few. The focus of the operational system is the daily tasks performed at the user level. The operational level manager uses this data to check every day tasks, i.e. ordering, shipping, inventory control, the essence of the business processes. The second level in the framework is the tactical system. This system provide middle-level managers with information to monitor and control operation while allocating their resources efficiently. The data is summarized, aggregated, or analyzed with a wide range of reports, i.e., summary, exception and ah hoc reports. The tactical information system differs from

Being an Outsider is Detrimental Essay

An outsider is a person who does not belong to a particular group, who is not accepted and is consequently isolated. However, to not belong can be detrimental as we all have an intrinsic need to belong. To belong implies an understanding of the needs of the individual and the group and negotiating a way towards acceptance of those needs. On the other hand, exclusion occurs when the individual and the group fails to understand one another, which can be detrimental. These ideas are demonstrated in Alex Buzo’s play â€Å"Norm and Ahmed† and in the poem â€Å"Kimberley† by Jackie Kay. Often we search for a sense of belonging to place and when we do not find it, we are not fulfilled. In the play, â€Å"Norm and Ahmed† Ahmed, an Indian, has little connection to Australian culture and therefore sees himself as an outsider. This is immediately evident in the way he dresses in his traditional Nehru style suit which is juxtaposed to Norm, an Australian, who wears typical male western style of clothing of â€Å"open-necked white shirt and grey trousers.† To remind Ahmed that he is an outsider, Norm repeats the phrase â€Å"a visitor to this country†, and he also assumes that all South Asian people are Indians, stereotyping India as an uncivilised country filled with dangerous â€Å"Bombay stranglers†. This metaphor shows that Norm makes sure that Ahmed is regarded as an outsider by talking in a superior tone and debasing India through juxtaposition and contrast of Sydney and Bombay as â€Å"this isn’t India mate, you’re in Sydney†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦you’re quite safe†. Furthermore, Norm is constantly reinforcing Ahmed’s ethnicity and feelings of being an outsider through derogatory terms such as â€Å"boong† and â€Å"chow† because he himself feels confident in being an insider of the Australian culture. Norm’s body language described in strong present participles as â€Å"prowling† â€Å"circling† and â€Å"grabbing† and stage directions reinforce Norm’s confidence and intimidation telling Ahmed that he is an outsider. Norm believes that Ahmed is not entitled to make judgements about Australia stating â€Å"I wouldn’t throw my weight around in someone else’s country.†This shows that a person of a different ethnic background will be made to feel an outsider and alienated if those of the main culture do not make an effort to include them.

Managing Big Data Systems - 2359 Words

Definite answers regarding how much usable data is actually being generated by city-sized populations, and best places to get it could be the subject of a future study, but social media platforms may be the source most easily tapped into for this type of data. Employees of local IT departments are in danger of having difficulties storing and processing data from social media platforms to use as a foundation for aligning social network analysis with the systems . There is a growing demand for those having the necessary skillsets to deal with big data. Local governments (especially smaller-sized ones) might have special difficulty acquiring these resources which makes finding a comprehensive solution for combining â€Å"big data†, SNA, and GIS even more difficult, as data manipulators are in short supply. A survey supporting a Public CIO Special Report (The Trouble with Big Data Talent, 2013), finds that more than half of government agencies polled were experiencing data-related hiring difficulties - meaning there is a shortage of individuals who possess an engineering background, can model data mathematically and can contribute to organizations effectively using data insights for decision making. Using the Data Using data mining techniques, such as graph mining and social network analysis on regional data sources could contribute great insights and improve operations. Social networking analysis is the study and analysis of networks involving social interaction. Types ofShow MoreRelatedBig Data And Healthcare Industry1344 Words   |  6 Pagesindustry, data plays an important role. So it’s necessary to understand the fact that the big data must be used in a right way to make health service industries successful. 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